The Role of the Gods and Fate in Virgils The Aeneid Essay -- Aeneid V

The Role of the Gods and Fate in Virgil's The Aeneid Are the deeds of mortal characters in the Aeneid controlled by the gods or by fate? Aeneas must fulfill the will of the gods, while enduring the wrath of other gods, all the while being a worthy predecessor of Augustus and founder of the Roman people. Of course, the Trojan is successful because he gives himself up to these other obligations, while those who resist the will of the gods, Dido and Turnus, die sad deaths. Juno, the queen of gods, attempts to destroy Aeneas and his men in Book I of the Aeneid. The city of Carthage is Juno's favorite, and it has been prophesized that the race of the Trojans will one day destroy that city. This is too much for Juno to bear as another Trojan, Paris, has already scorned her. And so she calls on King Aeolus, the god of the winds, telling him to bring a great storm down upon Aeneas? fleet. Aeolus obeys and unleashes a fierce hurricane upon the battle-wearied Trojans. However, Neptune, the god of the sea, feels the storm over his dominion; he criticizes Aeolus for overstepping his bounds, and calms the waters just as Aeneas' fleet seems doomed. Seven ships are left, and they head for the nearest land in sight, the coast of Libya. Aeneas's mother, Venus sees the Trojans' poor state and pleads to Jupiter to end their suffering. Jupiter assures her that Aeneas will eventually find his promised home in Italy, and that two of his descendants, Romulus and Remus, w ill found the mightiest empire in the world. Then Jupiter sends a god down to the Phoenicians, the people of Carthage, to make sure they are welcoming to the Trojans. Juno hears that the Trojans are destined to found a city that will destroy her Carthage. That city is Rome, and ... ... and in an angry mob set fire to the fleet. The Trojan men see the smoke, rush up the beach and throw water on the ships, but the burning does not stop. Finally, Aeneas prays to Jupiter to save the fleet, and immediately a rainstorm comes, putting out the flames. The goddesses Juno and Venus continue their quarrel by further intervention in the journey of the Trojans. At this point it almost seems to be overdone: the gods are driving the plot, not the hero. Aeneas has been reduced to a reactionary role as the different factions on Olympus duke it out over his fate, and send either aid or abuse down to the Trojans. Incapable to stop the burning of his fleet, he pitifully begs Jupiter to either help or kill him, so disheartened is he at his arbitrary maltreatment by the gods. Works Cited: Gransden, Karl W. Virgil: The Aeneid. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1990.

Analysis of Meno’s Question to Socrates

In Plato’s dialogue, Meno, Socrates is asked a paradoxical question about what virtue is by Meno. â€Å"How will you enquire, Socrates, into that which you do not know? What will you put forth as the subject of enquiry? And if you find what you want, how will you ever know that this is the thing which you did not know? † Socrates retorts that if you already know what you are searching for, then you do not have to search.Alternatively, if you do not know what you are looking for, the search is indeed futile. However, Socrates attempts to explain to Meno why it is that he will be able to find what virtue is by introducing the idea that knowledge is inherent in the individual as it is passed along through the soul. When Meno demands proof of this concept, Socrates provides an example of a slave boy using â€Å"inherent knowledge† to calculate the length of a square needed to double it’s own area.This experiment shows Meno that virtue, along with other knowled ge, can indeed be discovered through the inherent knowledge in one’s soul, and only has to be â€Å"remembered† to become of use. When Meno proposes his argument to Socrates that a search for what you do not know is impossible, he is reasoning that if one does not know what it is they are trying to find, one will never know if they have found it. Meno seeks to understand how an individual can find new knowledge if they have no clue how to find it or how to comprehend the discovery of it.Socrates acknowledges Meno’s argument and states that â€Å"man cannot enquire either about that which he knows, or about that which he does not know; for if he knows, he has no need to enquire; and if not, he cannot; for he does not know the very subject about which he is to enquire† (Meno, Plato). Meno believes that this proves his own argument, but Socrates proposes an alternate way to attain knowledge. Socrates speaks of â€Å"priests and priestesses† who  "say that the soul of man is immortal† (Meno, Plato).Also, he says the soul has kept all the knowledge from previous â€Å"lives† that it has had, and therefore knowledge is obtained through recollection instead of learning. Socrates attempts to prove his theory by providing an example with one of Meno’s slaves. His experiment is simple. Socrates calls over a slave boy and asks him about squares. The boy knows has some knowledge of the properties of squares including the fact that they have four equal sides, they can be divided in half, and the area is equal to the side multiplied by the other side.However, when Socrates asks the boy to determine the length of a side necessary to double the area of a 2Ãâ€"2 foot square, the boy mistakenly says 4 feet (which would yield a square 4 times too large). The slave proposes a length of three feet, but is wrong again. Here Socrates makes a note of the â€Å"torpedo’s touch† (Meno, Plato) or â€Å"aporiaâ⠂¬  (Aporia, Burbules), which means that the boy knows that he does not know.Socrates states that this state of mind is better than believing false knowledge, because one will know that there is knowledge to seek. Socrates maintains that throughout the experiment he was never teaching the slave, but only asking of his opinions. Therefore, the knowledge that the slave called upon must have already been inherent if he had not learned it before (since slaves had little education the boy was the perfect example for Socrates to demonstrate this â€Å"inborn knowledge. ) Socrates makes his argument clear: if the slave had no knowledge of what is was he was searching for (the length of the side), and the information was not taught to the boy, then the information must have already been inherent in the boy’s soul. Here is Socrates’ argument in Premise/Conclusion form: P: Slave isn’t taught. P: Slave has no prior knowledge. P: Immortal soul contains knowledge. C: Knowl edge must come from one’s immortal soul. P: You do not know what you are trying to find. P: You are not taught what you are trying to find.P: Your soul contains inherent knowledge. C: You can find what you are searching for through recollection of the knowledge â€Å"stored† in your soul. Socrates’ proofs are meant to enforce his views that knowledge such as virtue must be searched for, â€Å"that a man should enquire about that which he does not know† (Meno, Plato). Citations: Burbules, Nicholas C. â€Å"Aporias, Webs, and Passages: Doubt as an Opportunity to Learn. † Curriculum Inquiry 30. 2 (2000): n. pag. Aporia. 2000. Web. 12 Sept. 2012. . Plato, and R. S. Bluck. Meno. Cambridge [Eng. : University, 1961. N. pag. Print.

Learning-centered Organization

In today's learning-centered business environment, focus is gradually shifted from individual performance and competition to a more congenial relationship, towards being cooperative and building excellent performance through team effort and coordination. These seemingly group-oriented characteristics of the new business environment have become the thrust of MIT's Organizational Learning Center, which specializes on the creation and development of organizations to becoming â€Å"learning organizations. This program proposes a radical change using a simple approach: by shifting the members' perspectives from being individualistic to being collectivist. This proposal is simple in that a learning organization should adapt the values of coordination and cooperation-generally, collectivism-in order to induce this radical change in perspective. In Senge and Kofman's article, â€Å"Communities of Commitment,† they explicated the roots of the creation of and necessary requirements for a learning organization. In it, they also introduced the analytical model called the Galilean Model, which effectively explains and illustrates the core principles that every learning organization should be and have. This paper posits that the pursuit for a learning- centered organization, i. e. building ‘communities' through organization-based commitments, require a deviation from the norm of today's business organizations, which are primarily individualistic and competitive, to being collectivist and cooperative for the success, mainly, not of the individual, but of the organization or community. One of the important findings from Senge and Kofman's analysis was the use of the systems perspective in explaining the importance of collectivism, cooperation, and principles of the Galilean model. As explicated by the authors, the systems perspective allows organizations and its members to â€Å"†¦ move from the primacy of pieces to the primacy of the whole, from absolute truths to coherent interpretations, from self to community, from problem solving to creating. † This passage adequately described the differences between an individualist and collectivist character of organizations. In individualistic organizations, central in it is the individual, wherein the high-performing individual is determined through competition among other individuals/members. It is also centered in conducting decision-making processes through a more general manner, rather than taking into consideration a problem and solution's effects not only in the operations of the organization, but the members themselves. Since the individualist character of organization has prevailed for a long time since the introduction of modernism, this is a tradition that cannot be easily changed and replaced, especially with a contradicting character such as collectivism. This is a challenge particularly difficult among highly-individualistic societies, wherein individuals have high self-reliance and independence. Thus, the authors invoke a â€Å"truth† that must be accepted by each member of the organization, in order to recognize the importance of learning and cooperation: â€Å"[t]o learn, we need to acknowledge that there is something we don't know and to perform activities that we're not good at. But in most corporations, ignorance is a sign of weakness temporary incompetence is a character flaw. Thus, through learning, members learn to accept the reality that ignorance and temporary incompetence will always be present; it is the role of the learning organization to remedy this problem through the learning-centered management, or by adapting the systems perspective. Systems perspective is reflected in the Galilean model, which subsisted to the following principles and characterized as follows: (1) the primacy of the whole; (2) the community nature of the self; and (3) language as generative practice. In the first characteristic of the learning organization, giving primacy to the role of all members of the organization, brought out the importance of members working together to achieve a goal or objective. It is through working as a team or group that decision-making processes become more efficient and effective, since the problem is regarded by not only the perception and opinion of an individual, but other individuals as well, who may have a different way of looking at the problem and creating a solution to it. The second characteristic of the learning organization, according to the Galilean model, is that there should be a cultivation of an â€Å"us† rather than â€Å"me† attitude. That is, the individual should learn that a task, in order to be accomplished with the highest quality and time efficiency, cannot be accomplished by him/her alone; there must also be one or more individuals making sure that the task is completed with quality and efficiency. It is through this process of coordination that work is performed efficiently, and individuals learn about their capacities and limitations as members/employees of the organization. Lastly, communication and interaction among members is an imperative endeavor that must be pursued in a learning organization. ‘Keeping communication lines open' allows members to determine how tasks are accomplished, and should problems arise, they will be able to identify immediately at what point the problem occurred in the process of completing the task or activity at hand.

Biochem Ppt 56

| BARRY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES COURSE SYLLABUS SPRING 2013| COURSE NUMBER:BMS 528 SEC 01 COURSE NAME:BIOCHEMISTRY II TERM/YEAR:Spring 2013 (Jan. 9th, 2013 – May 3rd, 2013) LECTURE ROOM:Hollywood Rm 2 LECTURE SCHEDULE:Friday, 9:00 – 12:00 p. m. INSTRUCTOR NAME:Graham Shaw, Ph. D. Professor OFFICE ADDRESS: Wiegand 229 OFFICE TELEPHONE: 305-899-3264 EMAIL: [email  protected] barry. edu OFFICE HOURS:Tuesday, 12. 30 – 3 p. m. Thursday, 12. 30 – 3 p. m. All other times by appointment COURSE DESCRIPTION:Biochemistry at Barry University is taught over two semesters, Biochemistry I in the Fall and Biochemistry II in the Spring. These courses have been designed so that when integrated they provide the necessary biochemical knowledge for those in the medical and health related professions. The structure, function and metabolism of biologically important molecules were reviewed in biochemistry I. Biochemistry II serves to build on this material whilst considering the application of biochemistry to disease etiology, diagnosis and treatment.Biochemistry II starts with a review of two areas crucial to normal, healthy cellular functioning. The structure and function of biological membranes, in particular the variety of cell signal transduction paradigms and the biochemistry of hormones. The structure, function and replication of the cell’s genetic material. This information is reviewed in a series of lectures on DNA, the genetic code, protein synthesis and aspects of molecular biology. The digestion and absorption of biomolecules is reviewed and the consequences of malfunction considered.A number of disease states are used to illustrate selected principles including the relationship between nutrition and disease; atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, obesity and diabetes. The application of clinical biochemistry techniques to disease diagnosis is described and the biochemistry of exercise and aging visited. ARTICULATION TO MISSION OF THE UNIVERSITY: This course is offered by the College of Health Sciences, which is grounded in the liberal arts tradition and is a part of Barry University’s scholarly community, committed to the highest academic standards in graduate education.This Biochemistry course addresses both the university mission statement as well as the strategic plan adapted by the College of Health Sciences. This is accomplished by offering a high quality student-centered curriculum in an environment, that encourages Christian and ethical values and promotes intellectual growth and curiosity. Throughout the semester students will be encouraged to visit with faculty and demonstrate their critical thinking skills by offering opinions on current scientific theories and research reviews as they relate to Biochemistry.Case studies will be incorporated into lecture material and used to encourage student pursuit of knowledge and truth. Students in this course will develop an awareness of health issu es that impact those living within and outside of our community as they analyze nutrient deficiency diseases. The course will also stimulate awareness for the wellbeing of others as the prevalence and etiology of metabolic disorders is addressed. COURSE GOALS: At the end of this course, students should be able recall and apply biochemical principles to other courses throughout the curriculum, e. g. Pharmacology, Physiology. Students should be able to rationalize the significance of biochemistry in health and disease. COURSE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the course, the student will be able to: [1] Evaluate the structure and function of the plasma membrane. [2] Discriminate between the variety of signal transduction mechanisms. [3]Explain the principles of DNA transcription and translation and evaluate the mechanisms by which protein synthesis is regulated. [4]Discuss the digestion and absorption of biomolecules. [5]Summarize the principles of clinical biochemistry and organ function tes ts. 6]Appraise the importance of biochemistry to disease etiology and diagnosis. TEACHING METHODS: Each lecture will be presented using Powerpoint. Topical material not covered in the text may be addressed in class as appropriate, and is examinable. Where possible, time will be allowed for informal discussion of clinical scenarios and questions at the end of each class. Additional class materials, including case studies, and e-learning materials may also be posted to the Blackboard learning environment as the course progresses, and students are also responsible for this material.An atmosphere of mutual respect will be reflected in all teaching/learning experiences COURSE TEXTS: REQUIRED TEXT(S) Shaw, G. P. Biochemistry for Health Professionals. Third Edition, John Wiley. New York. 2011. EVALUATION CRITERIA: There will be three (3) quizzes and two (2) unit tests, a mid-term and a final. QUIZ I Jan 18th 10% QUIZ II: Feb 22nd 10% QUIZ III April 12th 10%MID-TERM TEST (Lecs 1 – 7)Mar 1st 35% FINAL EXAM (Lecs 8 – 14)May 3rd 35% TOTAL 100% DETERMINATION OF GRADE: Biochemistry II will be assessed by 3 quizzes, a mid-term examination and a final non-cumulative examination as indicated in the course schedule. Tests will be of one hour duration, and may contain material from class discussion, the Blackboard learning environment (including case studies) as well as the course text. Any questions you wish to challenge either from a quiz or a test, MUST BE IN WRITING and documented within 1 week of the key being posted.Tests and quizzes will not be returned and grades will not be rounded. GRADING SCALE: 100 – 90%A 89. 9 – 80%B 79. 9 – 70%C less than 70%F Grades will be posted on Blackboard. ACADEMIC DISHONESTY POLICY: Cheating or plagiarism will not be tolerated. A student who is caught either giving or receiving information or assistance during a testing session, quiz or examination will automatically receive the F grade and 0% on either the quiz or examination. The same consequence will apply to any proven case of plagiarism or communicating material on an examination to students in another section of the course.Furthermore, that individual[s] will be referred to the Dean for appropriate disciplinary action. DISABILITY STATEMENT: Students with documented special learning needs may want to inform the instructor so that accommodations may be made, or contact Barry Office of Services for students with Disabilities (305) 899-3489. STUDENT BEHAVIOR: All Barry students are expected to behave according to accepted norms that ensure a climate wherein all can exercise their right to learn. Disruptive behavior is not acceptable in the classroom.Students engaging in such behavior may be asked to leave or may be removed from the class by security personnel. Actions such as violence, shouting, use of cell phones and/or beepers, using profanity, interrupting, and any other behavior that the instructor believes creates an unplea sant environment in the classroom will be grounds for withdrawal from the course, judicial proceedings and/or failure in the course. FOOD/BEVERAGES: Barry University has a policy of prohibiting eating and drinking within classroom space. PUNCTUALITY: Students are expected to be on time for class. If you arrive later than 10 inutes after class has started, there is a possibility that the door will be locked. COURSE-SPECIFIC POLICIES: Attendance: Students are expected to attend all lectures and to take all tests and quizzes at the regularly scheduled time. Students should have completed the assigned reading in advance of class, and be prepared to discuss this at class time. Only by participating in class can the student gain a complete understanding of the concepts presented in the course objectives, course text and recommended readings. Attire for all lectures and examinations should be professional. Academic Assistance:After the first exam those students receiving a grade below a C must make an appointment with Dr. Shaw within one week of grade posting, for academic counseling. Excused absences from exams: If any student is unable to attend an exam due to illness (or other circumstances) he/she should notify Dr Shaw prior to the examination (or shortly after) if at all possible. The student is responsible for submitting a physician's excuse. An excuse may be refused for chronic absentees. Once the absence has been excused, the student is also responsible for contacting the Dr Shaw to arrange a date and time to take the make-up exam.NOTE: FAILURE TO OBTAIN AN EXCUSE WILL RESULT IN A GRADE OF 0% FOR THE EXAM. LACK OF PREPARATION IS NOT CONSIDERED A VALID EXCUSE FOR MISSING AN EXAM. CHALLENGE POLICY: Faculty will review all examinations in class with students, usually within 1 week of the grades being posted. This will not be a discussion session and any questions you wish to challenge either from a quiz or a test, MUST BE IN WRITING and documented within 1 week of the key being posted; verbal challenges will not be accepted at any time. In the case of a challenge the final authority for accuracy will be the course text.Tests and quizzes will not be returned though they may be viewed by students with faculty approval. Make-Up Exam Policy: Make-up exams can be of many types at the discretion of the instructor. Make-up exams will be given after (not before) the regularly scheduled exam. If more than one person misses an exam, the make- up exams will be given simultaneously. Videotape: Video and audiotape of Biochemistry classes is not permitted unless approved by faculty and the Office of Disability Services. Online lectures and e-learning materials will be available for review from the Blackboard website.COURSE SCHEDULE Lecture No. | Date Friday| TOPIC| READING(Shaw) Chapter| 1| 11th Jan| Membrane structure and functionCystic fibrosisG proteins, Signal transduction| 34 – 36| 2| 18thJan| Quiz I (Lecture 1 plus e-learning materials) (10 %)Deoxyribonucleic acidPreparation for DNA replicationDNA replication| 37 – 39| 3| 25th Jan| Mutations and DNA repairRNA and transcriptionThe genetic code| 40 – 42| 4| 1st Feb| Protein synthesisRegulation of protein synthesis in prokaryotesRegulation of protein synthesis in eukaryotes| 43 – 45| 5| 8th Feb| CancerInvestigating DNA| 46 – 47| | 15th Feb| Principles of nutritionCalcium and osteoporosis| 48| 7| 22nd Feb| Fed, fasting & starvingIntegration of metabolism Digestion of dietary fatQUIZ II Lecture 6 plus e-learning materials) (10%)| 49 – 51| 8| 1st Mar| MID-TERM EXAMINATION (35%) (Lectures 1 – 7)Obesity Lipoproteins| 52 – 53| SPRING BREAK MARCH 4th – 8th| 9| 15th Mar| Atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemiaDigestion of carbohydratesDiabetes mellitusDiabetic complications| 54 – 57| 10| 22nd Mar| Protein digestion and absorptionIron metabolismHeme metabolism & Jaundice| 58 – 60| | 29th Mar| Easter No Class| | 1| 5th Apr| Collagen Growth factors and wound healingBlood clotting & Clot dissolutionBlood tests and clinical scenario| 61 – 64| 12| 12th Apr| Plasma proteinsOrgan function testsQUIZ III (Lecture 11 plus e-learning materials) (10%)| 65 – 66| 13| 19thApr| Enzyme diagnosticsAlcohol metabolism| 67 – 68| 14| 26th Apr| Exercise metabolismAging| 69 – 70| | May 3rd| FINAL EXAMINATION(Lectures 8 – 15) 35 %3:00 pm| | ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Subject to change in extenuating circumstances

How Important Is English in Business

May 2012 ARTICLE PREVIEW  To read the full article:  Sign in  or  Register  for free. HBR Subscribers  activate your free archive access  » http://hbr. org/2012/05/global-business-speaks-english/ar/1 Global Business Speaks English by Tsedal Neeley Ready  or not,  English is now the global language of business. More and more multinational companies are mandating English as the common corporate language—Airbus, Daimler-Chrysler, Fast Retailing, Nokia, Renault, Samsung, SAP, Technicolor, and Microsoft in Beijing, to name a few—in an attempt to facilitate communication and performance across geographically diverse functions and business endeavors.Adopting a common mode of speech isn’t just a good idea; it’s a must, even for an American company with operations overseas, for instance, or a French company focused on domestic customers. Imagine that a group of salespeople from a company’s Paris headquarters get together for a meeting. Why would you care whether they all could speak English? Now consider that the same group goes on a sales call to a company also based in Paris, not realizing that the potential customer would be bringing in employees from other locations who didn’t speak French.This happened at one company I worked with. Sitting together in Paris, employees of those two French companies couldn’t close a deal because the people in the room couldn’t communicate. It was a shocking wake-up call, and the company soon adopted an English corporate language strategy. Similar concerns drove Hiroshi Mikitani, the CEO of Rakuten—Japan’s largest online marketplace—to mandate in March 2010 that English would be the company’s official language of business.The company’s goal was to become the number one internet services company in the world, and Mikitani believed that the new policy—which would affect some 7,100 Japanese employees—was vital to ach ieving that end, especially as expansion plans were concentrated outside Japan. He also felt responsible for contributing to an expanded worldview for his country, a conservative island nation. The multibillion-dollar company—a cross between Amazon. com and eBay—was on a growth spree: It had acquired PriceMinister. com in France, Buy. com and FreeCause in the U.S. , Play. com in the UK, Tradoria in Germany, Kobo eBooks in Canada, and established joint ventures with major companies in China, Indonesia, Taiwan, Thailand, and Brazil. Serious about the language change, Mikitani announced the plan to employees not in Japanese but in English. Overnight, the Japanese language cafeteria menus were replaced, as were elevator directories. And he stated that employees would have to demonstrate competence on an international English scoring system within two years—or risk demotion or even dismissal.The media instantly picked up the story, and corporate Japan reacted with fa scination and disdain. Honda’s CEO, Takanobu Ito, publicly asserted, â€Å"It’s stupid for a Japanese company to only use English in Japan when the workforce is mainly Japanese. † But Mikitani was confident that it was the right move, and the policy is bearing fruit. The English mandate has allowed Mikitani to create a remarkably diverse and powerful organization. Today, three out of six senior executives in his engineering organization aren’t Japanese; they don’t even speak Japanese.The company continues to aggressively seek the best talent from around the globe. Half of Rakuten’s Japanese employees now can adequately engage in internal communication in English, and 25% communicate in English with partners and coworkers in foreign subsidiaries on a regular basis. Adopting a global language policy is not easy, and companies invariably stumble along the way. It’s radical, and it’s almost certain to meet with staunch resistance f rom employees. Many may feel at a disadvantage if their English isn’t as good as others’, team dynamics and performance can suffer, and national pride can get in the way.But to survive and thrive in a global economy, companies must overcome language barriers—and English will almost always be the common ground, at least for now. The fastest-spreading language in human history, English is spoken at a useful level by some 1. 75 billion people worldwide—that’s one in every four of us. There are close to 385 million native speakers in countries like the U. S. and Australia, about a billion fluent speakers in formerly colonized nations such as India and Nigeria, and millions of people around the world who’ve studied it as a second language.An e stimated 565 million people use it on the internet. The benefits of â€Å"Englishnization,† as Mikitani calls it, are significant; however, relatively few companies have systematically implemented an English-language policy with sustained results. Through my research and work over the past decade with companies, I’ve developed an adoption framework to guide companies in their language efforts. There’s still a lot to learn, but success stories do exist. Adopters will find significant advantages. The Straight Dope http://www. straightdope. om/columns/read/757/whats-the-international-language-of-business-french-or-english A STRAIGHT DOPE CLASSIC FROM CECIL'S STOREHOUSE OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE What's the international language of business, French or English? August 4, 1989 Dear Cecil: Our high school French teacher always insisted learning French was important because it was going to become the international language of business. Now I hear English is mandatory in international aviation, and the Chinese students in Beijing spoke English to the international media. Was our French teacher shucking us? Merde! — Les Petites, South BostonCecil replies: Now, now. He/she p robably just didn't know any better. French teachers lead such empty lives as it is that no one has the heart to tell them the awful truth, which is that French is a language on the way down, not up. Once the language of diplomacy, French was used in the royal courts of Germany, Russia, and Italy during the 19th century. Fifty years ago Somerset Maugham called it â€Å"the common language of educated men† (women too, one presumes). But it's been in a state of decline since World War II, having long ago been supplanted by — you guessed it — English.English is the primary language of more than 400 million people and is the second language of hundreds of millions more. It's essential in science, technology, economics, and finance. It's the official language of airport control towers, might as well be the official language of computer software, and of course is vital to a perfect comprehension of MTV, Madonna, and other pillars of modern culture. French is the prima ry language of maybe 114 million, including such outposts of world commerce as Haiti, Cameroon, and Burkina Faso, and is essential chiefly to reading menus at Le Cirque.The French have been desperately attempting to reverse this trend. In addition to hosting international conferences of â€Å"Francophone† (French-speaking) nations, France as of 1986 was spending $750 million per year to support 20,000 French teachers in 155 countries. It also employs language police to guard against un-Gallic intrusions such as  le compact-disc. But all in vain. Not that French doesn't have its uses. Au contraire. It remains the language of international pretension  par excellence, having a certain  je ne sais quoithat appeals irresistibly to the  nouveaux riches.Also, let's face it,  je t'aimesounds infinitely classier than â€Å"luv ya, babe. † But French is more likely to come in handy in the intimate hours after the business meeting than during. —  Cecil Adams Is English the Language of Business? http://www. businesstrainingcollege. com/business/is-english-the-language-of-business. htm   Current figures show that there are  350 million native speakers of English, spreading into at least 100 territories. English  has become the main language in the UK, Australia, the USA and South Africa.And, even in those countries where  English  is not the official language, it has become the adopted first language of governments, education and international communications. On top of the 350 million  native speakers of English, there are roughly the same amount who use  English  as a  second language  and even some who use it as a  third language. As  English  has grown and spread around the globe it has been adopted as the  languageused when two parties from differing countries, who do not speak each others language, want to conduct business.And, with access to computers and the Internet growing daily, the number of  English speakers  an individual can potentially reach is phenomenal. It’s clear, from the facts laid out above, that  English  is not only important for  businessand your  career  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ it is essential. And, this is especially true for those wanting to participate in  international business. Business Training  can help you improve your  English. Request a prospectus for ourBusiness English with Spoken English course. Tea Leaf: English is increasingly the international language of business By  Jeff Thredgold,  For the Deseret News http://www. deseretnews. om/article/700091766/English-is-increasingly-the-inter national-language-of-business. html? pg=all Published: Wednesday, Dec. 15 2010 10:12 p. m. MST SALT LAKE CITY — It's the year 2012. Your employer, a major global firm, announces that within two years all meetings and written communication within the company will be based on or conducted in Mandarin, the primary language of China. SALT LAKE CITY â €” It's the year 2012. Your employer, a major global firm, announces that within two years all meetings and written communication within the company will be based on or conducted in Mandarin, the primary language of China.Imagine our shock — our anger — our displeasure — at the need to suddenly learn an extremely difficult language, all in the name of keeping our job. Welcome to the global community in 2011! English has increasingly become the international language of business. More and more nations are demanding that their business executives become fluent in English. English learning courses are popular around the globe. While perhaps one quarter of the world's population can now converse to an extent in English, that share could rise to one-half by 2015, according tobusinessreviewusa. com. Japanese EnglishA number of major Japanese companies have already mandated that English is, or soon will be, the primary language of internal communications. Rakuten I nc. , Japan's largest online retailer, has mandated that English will be the â€Å"standard language† by March 2012. Major employers such as Nissan Motor, Sony, Fast Retailing, Sumida and Nippon Sheet Glass have made similar mandates, or have already implemented such a reality, according to The Wall Street Journal. By 2012, Rakuten employees will be required to speak and correspond with each other in English. The risk of dismissal from the company if English is not mastered is clear.While we might think of Japan, now the world's third-largest economy behind China, as a manufacturing haven, roughly 70 percent of that nation's GDP is now in services. If you are aiming at be a player in the global marketplace, you must  communicate in English. Ironically, it is fiercely independent Japan where English skills lag other nations. Among the 34 nations designated as â€Å"advanced economies† by the International Monetary Fund, Japan had the lowest scores during 2009 on the T est of English as a Foreign Language, a proficiency test given to foreign students who want to study within the U.S. , according to The Wall Street Journal. European English Meetings within the European Union are routinely held in English; written documents the same. It is simply a reality that a much larger share of senior politicians within the European Community speak English as a second language rather than French, German, Italian, etc. It has long held true that the aspiration of thousands of gifted students around the world is to study and graduate from a major American university. The combination of gaining a degree in business, or finance, or engineering, or chemistry, etc. from what most still consider the world's best, most up-to-date universities, combined with perfecting verbal and written skills in English, is a ticket to prosperity for those students who return home. Student English As one might expect, many nations around the globe have required their youth to routine ly study English in the primary grades for years. What might have once been seen as a way to expand the horizon of younger people, such English language skills now provide people across Asia, across Europe, across South America, across Africa, across the Middle East, etc. with a vital tool to succeed in life in coming years. Unfortunately, the rise of English places less need for Americans to study other languages than ever before. More schools do offer Chinese languages than before, but other language courses have been trimmed in many schools because of budget pressures. What do you call a person who speaks three languages? Multilingual. What do you call a person who speaks two languages? Bilingual. What do you call a person who speaks one language? An American. Sad, but true. TradeThe U. S. trade deficit with the rest of the global community shrank in October to its lowest level in nine months, one more sign that the American economy is slowly picking up speed. The net difference between American exports and imports declined to $38. 7 billion in October, better than consensus expectations. The trade deficit was $44. 6 billion in September. U. S. exports to the world jumped 3. 2 percent to $158. 7 billion in October, the highest level since August 2008. Imports dipped 0. 5 percent to $197. billion. Perhaps contrary to common belief, the trade imbalance does not just measure the difference between â€Å"merchandise† or â€Å"goods† exported out of and imported into the U. S. It also includes a smaller component of â€Å"services,† including financial services, insurance, travel, professional services, etc. The U. S. typically runs a trade deficit in goods or merchandise and a surplus in services. A lofty goal The Obama administration has announced a goal to double U. S. exports to the world over the next five years.While this is a noble and desirable objective, you can take it to the bank that every other nation on the planet has identifie d a similar goal. The administration and the Federal Reserve have drawn criticism around the world that both institutions are following a â€Å"cheap dollar† policy to boost U. S. exports to the world. The theory is that a weaker U. S. dollar relative to other major currencies leads to lower global prices for American-made goods and services, while also making imports into the U. S. more expensive. As usual, the administration and the Federal Reserve each indicate support of a â€Å"strong dollar† policy.Chinese pressure China remains under enormous global political pressure to allow its currency to rise in value as a means of reducing its enormous trade surplus with the world. While the Chinese have allowed modest currency appreciation in recent years, many feel that their currency, the yuan (which does not float or trade openly in global foreign exchange markets), is still 20 percent to 40 percent undervalued. China, now the world's largest exporter, runs an enormous trade surplus with the U. S. Despite record American exports to China in October, the two nations ran a $226. billion trade surplus in favor of the Chinese during 2010's first 10 months, up more than 20 percent versus the same period a year ago. Additional U. S. and global political pressure on the Chinese to boost their currency's value will remain center stage for years to come. Jeff Thredgold is chief economist for Zions Bank and founder of Thredgold Economic Associates, a professional speaking and economic consulting firm. Visit  www. thredgold. com English as essential language of business By  Sun Joo Kim  | October 28, 2012, 8:58 PM PDT http://www. smartplanet. om/blog/bulletin/english-as-essential-language-of-business/4030 China may have the world’s second largest economy, but speaking Mandarin isn’t a required business skill yet. English, according to a study by  EF Education First, will remain the basic language of business. Dorie Clark for Forbes   outlines the study and writes that English will maintain and grow its dominance, moving from â€Å"a marker of the elite† in years past to â€Å"a basic skill needed for the entire workforce, in the same way that literacy has been transformed in the last two centuries from an elite privilege into a basic requirement for informed citizenship. (Indeed, the British Council reports that by 2020, two billion people will be studying English. ) The findings will be reassuring to native English speakers in the United States, of whom  only 10% speak a second language. However, speaking another language in addition to English (in the United States, I’d argue for Spanish) is vital to participating — and having a competitive edge — in business and finance on a global level. Read the entire study on the  EF website. Mandarin Chinese Most Useful Business Language After English By  John Lauerman  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  2011-08-30T19:34:57Z http://www. bloomberg. om/news/2 011-08-30/mandarin-chinese-most-useful-business-language-after-english-1-. html Mandarin,  China’s official tongue is also the top language worldwide for business other than English, according to Bloomberg Rankings. Mandarin, spoken by 845 million people, scored highest in a ranking of languages, excluding English, based on business usefulness. The ranking scored languages according to the number of speakers, number of countries where the language is official, along with those nations’ populations, financial power, educational and literacy rates, and related measures.French, spoken by 68 million people worldwide and the official language of 27 countries, was ranked second, followed by Arabic, which is spoken by 221 million people and is official in 23 nations. Mandarin is unlikely to supplant English soon as the primary language of business, said Leigh Hafrey, a senior lecturer in communications and ethics at the  Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s  S loan School of Management. â€Å"In much the same way that the dollar remains the preferred currency, English will remain the preferred language for the foreseeable future,† Hafrey said in a telephone interview.Mandarin speakers can gain an advantage in doing business in China, Hafrey said. â€Å"Speaking the language confers a huge advantage for anyone who wants to do business in a non-English-speaking country,† he said. â€Å"It gives you flexibility, knowledge that you need, and personal connections that can make a difference in the speed and effectiveness of your negotiations. † Spanish, the official language of 20 countries and spoken by 329 million people, came in fourth, the rankings showed. Spanish was the top foreign language studied in U. S. ollege classrooms in 2009, according to research from the  Modern Language Association  in  New York. Chinese tallied seventh by the number of U. S. students enrolled in classes that year, after Spanish, Fren ch, German, American Sign Language, Italian and Japanese, according to a December 2010  report  by the association. Arabic was eighth. English – The International Language of Business Better English-Better Future http://www. learn-english-online. co/News/April-2012/English–The-International-Language-of-Business. aspx Sunday 1 April 2012 9:41 AMThere are estimated to be over 360 million native English speakers across the globe. Whilst this compares to a massive 850 million native Mandarin speakers, a further billion people speak English as second or foreign language. With the dominance the British Empire at the turn of the 20th century and the emergence of the USA as a global superpower over the following two decades, English cemented its position as a global language. What is more, with the financial centers of London and New York located in English speaking countries, the language has become firmly established as the language of business across the world.There is talk of the USA declining as a global power and the rise of the China and other far eastern economies. So will English ever lose its place as the international language of business? Looking at the alternatives suggests that it probably will not. Mandarin is an extremely difficult language to grasp and English is already widely spoken as a second language in India and a lot of European countries. As a result, national and international companies in any country place particular emphasis on their employees being able to speak English.If you want to stand out from the crowd it is important to already have a firm grasp on the language when you turn up to job applications. On the other side of the coin, if you are a native English speaker but struggle with spelling or grammar your career prospects are drastically limited. It is, therefore, essential to learn English grammar to get on in your career. There is an emerging form of English, known as International English, that is somewhat sim pler and easier to understand than British or American English.The international form of English does not use colloquialisms and places less emphasis on the correct use of tense and other grammar. The trouble is it is often interpreted as poor English and will simple not suffice in many international companies. Failing to learn English grammar correctly will ultimately cost you in a large proportion of jobs. For native speakers, it is important, however, to be able to speak clearly and correctly. One of the things that make English such a fantastic language is its huge variety of accents and dialects.The downside to this is that non-native speakers or natives from different parts of the English speaking world can struggle to understand one another. It is imperative, therefore, to be able to soften your own accent and drop some of the dialect to ensure you are clearly understood at work. So if you want to improve your job prospects and take the next step in your career, learning to s peak or improving your English language skills is a great place to start. There are a number of quality courses available online as well as in night schools and colleges across the country that cater for all levels of English speakers.RELATED SITES: ALUMNI HOME CLUBS Learning to Speak the Language of Business Hiroshi Mikitani / Rakuten March 2012 http://www. alumni. hbs. edu/bulletin/2012/march/innovation-mikitani. html Mikitani Main article: Where Innovation Rules Case study: Englishnization at Rakuten From Pinterest to Kobo, how Japan's Rakuten is building a global internet giant  (Wired. co. uk) You might call  Hiroshi Mikitani  (MBA 1993) the Jeff Bezos of Japan. Both lead hugely successful Internet commerce companies with a commanding presence in their home markets. But to call Mikitani’s company, Rakuten, the Amazon. om of Japan would overlook fundamental differences for customers and merchants alike. â€Å"We created a real online marketplace where customers can interact with shop owners, and we empower our merchants to build relationships with their customers,† says Mikitani, Rakuten’s founder, chairman, and CEO. Amazon offers neither experience, he adds. Launched in 1997, Rakuten’s online shopping mall now hosts more than 37,000 merchants, and the company has expanded into other e-commerce businesses, including travel, banking, telecommunications, and credit card services.Not satisfied with dominating Japan’s e-commerce landscape, Mikitani believes the company’s future lies in taking its online expertise global. Since 2008, Rakuten has acquired or partnered with e-commerce firms in 10 countries—including Brazil, China, and the United States—and plans to add seven more this year. Success as a global player takes more than an aggressive acquisitions plan, says Mikitani. It requires that all 7,100 of the firm’s Japanese employees communicate in English, the global language of business.M ikitani announced the changeover, in English, in March 2010 and set a two-year deadline for everyone to demonstrate English proficiency or sacrifice chances for advancement. He dubbed the project â€Å"Englishnization,† which has attracted international media attention. The Japanese language, Mikitani reasons, poses a barrier to the firm’s global ambitions. â€Å"There was a huge language barrier between the Tokyo office and our subsidiaries outside Japan,† he observes in a 2011 HBS case study on Rakuten. One day the idea just struck me: ‘Why don’t we try communicating just in English? ’ It’s an entrepreneurial kind of thing: you come up with an idea one day, and suddenly you jump off the cliff with it. † As the proficiency deadline approaches in July, Mikitani says employees â€Å"are progressing better than expected. † He credits HBS assistant professor  Tsedal Neeley, who wrote the  Rakuten case study, with providin g advice for communicating more clearly why English proficiency is important for Rakuten’s future. This is not just a Japanese company issue,† Mikitani points out. â€Å"Other companies doing global business also have been segregated by language. If we succeed, we’ll be followed by others. † —RT Business English as International Language of Business Business English Training Courses,  English Language TrainingAdd comments http://languageblog. communicaid. com/english-language-training/business-english-as-international-language-of-business/ What are the reasons why so many professional people are currently attending  Business English courses?The answer to this question is simple. English is the language for doing International Business. As a consequence, companies need those employees who are in relation with foreign clients or suppliers to have the skills in English which enable them to do their work efficiently. Even if an employee has good kno wledge of the English language, he/she still needs to acquire the language to their professional area (logistics, human resources, etc. ) and therefore need to attend a Business English course.In this  post we will look at why English is in this position, what the implications of this are for the English language and Business English training courses and what future developments we can expect to witness. British colonialism spread the English language around the globe as it was administratively imposed on the non-English speakers in these colonies. English started to become increasingly influential on the world-scene at the beginning of the Twentieth Century. The Versailles Treaty of 1919 was drawn up not only in French (the diplomatic language of the time) but also in English.The US’s powerful political, military and economic position in the second half of the Twentieth Century meant that English became the main language of communication in such organisations as NATO and t he IMF. The following facts from the  British Council  website reveal the current widespread use of English: English is spoken as a first language by around 375 million and as a second language by around 375 million speakers. Around 750 million people are believed to speak English as a foreign language. Due to the fact that  Business English  is so important, companies require increasing numbers of their employees to have knowledge of this language.This knowledge is no longer the preserve of people in positions of responsibility; technicians who have to phone for support in another country and receptionists who receive foreign delegations also need to be able to do certain parts of their jobs in English. Companies therefore allocate a proportion of their training budgets to business English courses. This more diverse demand has led to the development of training courses which specialise in exactly what the delegate needs to know in order to be able to function correctly at w ork.As Business is done in English between people who are not necessarily native speakers of the language, a simplified version of English is now emerging. This version is sometimes called ’standard’ or ‘international’ English. This new type of English for Business purposes is trimmed of all the non-essential grammatical structures and has a reduced common vocabulary. Phrasal verbs such as ‘go on ‘ and ’set up’ are not as important as ‘continue ‘ and ‘create’, for example, and knowledge of the difference between the present perfect and the past simple is no longer a priority in the training room.The primordial objective of the business person using international business English is to communicate efficiently and effectively. Native speakers with their fast delivery, colloquial expressions and unclear pronunciation are feared in the business place as they have become the most difficult people to understand. The result of this is that native speakers may have to start learning how to speak a more communication-friendly form of their own language – i. e. international English According to a recent  BBC article, US economic, military and political dominance is likely to decline over the next two decades.This change shows that the situation that made English into the international Business language is going to change in the future. Will this mean that another language will replace English as the new language of international business communication? It is improbable as Chinese, for example, is such a difficult language to learn and does not have the same world-wide spread as English. Another emerging economy, India, already uses English substantially in everyday life. It is also true to say that International English is easier to learn than other forms of English such as British English or American English.The result is that this standardised international version of English will become more and more prevalent in international business and training courses will have to reflect this reality.  © Communicaid Group Ltd. 2010 Exforsys Inc Importance of English in International Business http://www. exforsys. com/career-center/english-vocabulary/importance-of-english -in-international-business. html Author : Exforsys Inc. Published on: 13th May 2007   Ã‚  Ã‚  |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Last Updated on: 7th Feb 2011 Importance of English in  International BusinessWhile English is not the most widely spoken language in the world when you look at it in terms of the number of native speakers, it is the world's most prominent language. While a larger number of people speak Chinese, that language is largely confined to China. English on the other hand, is spoken around the world. It has been estimated that out of the roughly 6 billion people that are alive today about 350 million speak English. When you look at the importance of English for International  Business, you must lo ok at more than just the number of people who speak it. You must also look at what the language is used for.English is the ideal language for many governments around the world, and it is also prominent in business, education, world news, and communication. In addition to this, Western pop culture is also carried to foreign countries in the form of music or movies. If you wish to be successful in International business,  learning  English is incredibly important. In many places such as Asia, Africa, and  South America, the ability to learn English will determine who will increase their living standards, and who will remain in poverty. There are a number of powerful tools that have allowed more people to learn English than ever before.One of these tools is the Internet. The  Power  of the Internet in Spreading English Before the Internet, it was hard for you to learn English if you didn't attend a  college  or university. These were the only institutions where the langua ge was widely spoken. If you lived in a community so poor that it didn't have a college or university, your chances of ever learning English were remote. While many people still live in these circumstances today, the Internet has allowed the English language to spread around the word. Because the Internet was invented in the West, English was inherently built into it.Because Internet usage has expanded throughout the world, more people are being exposed to English. The advent of online universities has now made it possible for more people to learn English, people who may live in countries where access to standard education facilities is limited. While it may have been impossible for these people to learn English in the past, the Internet has opened up new  career  opportunities. These people are now able to learn English, and they can use their English skills to get better paying jobs at  home, or they can use them to find jobs overseas.In any event, the Internet has played a powerful role in allowing English to spread across the world, and the number of people learning it is likely to increase in the future. The Importance of English for Business Many companies have discovered early in the 21st century that they can cut their costs of production by sending their jobs overseas. The proper term for this is outsourcing, or offshoring. Some companies have also found that they can cut costs by bringing immigrants into the country on work visas. The employees will work for the  company  for a given period of time, and once their visa has expired, they can return home.For someone living in a country where English is not the native language, they will need to master this language if they wish to  travel to the United States  to find a high paying job. While many people in English speaking countries complain about the impact of outsourcing, it presents lucrative opportunities for people living in foreign countries. Learning how to speak English can allow you to travel to a Western country, work there for a few months, make more money than you would make at home, and then bring the money back home to your family.This is a practice that many people use, and it is factors such as outsourcing which have allowed them to do it. As you can see, learning how to speak English opened up a large number of doors, doors that would normally be closed. Ads Conclusion In many countries where English is not the native language, you are considered highly educated if you can speak the language properly. You will be presented with a number of career opportunities, and you will have the option of staying home to work, or you could travel abroad. When you learn how to speak English, the opportunities are limitless.It’s estimated that  up to 7,000 different languages  are spoken around the world. 90% of these languages are used by less than 100,000 people. Over a million people converse in 150-200 languages and 46 languages have just a single speaker! Languages are grouped into families that share a common ancestry. For example, English is related to German and Dutch, and they are all part of the  Indo-European family  of languages. These also include Romance languages, such as French, Spanish and Italian, which come from Latin. 2,200  of the world’s languages can be found in  Asia, while Europe has a mere 260.Nearly every language uses a similar grammatical structure, even though they may not be linked in vocabulary or origin. Communities which are usually isolated from each other because of mountainous geography may have developed multiple languages. Papua New Guinea  for instance, boasts no less than  832  different languages! http://www. bbc. co. uk/languages/guide/languages. shtml On the importance of English language education for students The Jakarta Post | Feature | Mon, October 29 2012, 12:22 PM http://www. thejakartapost. com/news/2012/10/29/on-importance-english-language-education-students . html Paper Edition | Page: 21The English-language curriculum in the national education system has been a bone of contention among parents and education experts for many years, with many lamenting its focus on grammar and structure at the expense of creating a fun learning experience for students. The Jakarta Post’s  Iman Mahditamatalked to the Education and Culture Ministry’s director general for secondary education,  Hamid Muhammad, about the importance of instilling students with excellent English communication skills and the significance of extracurricular activities such as the Youth Speak Fun Day in helping students to master the language.Below are excerpts of their conversation. Question: What is the significance of Youth Speak Fun Day (YSFD) for your directorate, given the bigger picture of the national education system? Answer: The secondary education directorate general has two main programs. The first is to ensure access to education for junior high sch ool graduates. Every year, there are 1. 2 million graduates who cannot be accommodated in senior high schools. We are working to solve this. We are currently creating a layout for a national 12-year compulsory education scheme. However, access to education alone is not enough.We also have to ensure the quality of education, which is our second program. It means nothing if we build more schools, but cannot develop students who are competent in their respective fields. In improving educational quality, the directorate general must be able to devise a scheme that will not only enhance the students’ intellectual ability, but also improve their character, as I believe that character is the basis of their future success. We have many smart kids who cannot do anything once they are out in the real world as they lack in communication skills. This is where extracurricular activities, such as the YSFD, can help.It can be a medium for students to do fun stuff, interact, communicate, and play with others. We have to develop these activities to prevent our kids from getting too bored with academic stuffs. In short, we really, really support YSFD. If children in various regions in Indonesia seem to be enthusiastic over the event, it’s because they really do love it -because it gives them a space to really show their talents and skills. Without undermining the significant role of Indonesian instruction, what are your hopes for such events as the YSFD in the campaign to learn English?In Indonesia, English is deemed as a foreign language instead of a second language. However, as our local communities are becoming more global, coupled with our country’s booming economy, learning and mastering English has become a must. So far, the local English curriculum is too focused on grammar and sentence structure at the expense of instilling excellent English communication skills, when, in fact, the latter was what we hope from our local schools. The YSFD can serve a s a place for our kids to self-actualize themselves in fun and challenging ways. I believe â€Å"fun and challenging† is the key.Some programs are just too challenging and too rigid that it can’t be fun. YSFD is different. I think that this is something good that needs to be spread to all regions in Indonesia. How do you think such activities as the YSFD can help stop students from the brawls that have broken out as of late? Brawls are a problem of metropolitan areas and large cities, many of which are lacking in facilities for teenagers to interact with each other in fun and positive ways. In the end, those kids are overflowing with energy, which they then release in negative, and sometimes destructive, behaviors.I sincerely hope that activities like YSFD can be held in large cities as a place for these kids to channel their energy in positive, productive, and competitive ways. I think the effect will be exceptionally tremendous. By having more activities, we can prev ent teenagers from forming gangs and involving themselves in negative activities. What is the role of partnerships with companies like The Jakarta Post Foundation and PT Chevron Indonesia for the directorate general in executing its programs? I sincerely thank both companies.At least, we have good news in promoting our students who have tremendous skills and talents, rather than telling the bad news of student brawls all the time, which is honestly exhausting. I truly welcome every company who wants to help us with our program. It will be beneficial for all, no doubt about that. There will always be those who see the country’s huge population and when they see what we’ve done, they’ll say that what we do won’t mean much. I don’t agree with that. At least, we’ve done something good. The thing that we do may only be on a small scale, but the ripple effect will be incredible.People will see that we’ve done something good and that the res ult on the kids is also good. The Education and Culture Ministry plans to streamline the national curriculum and erase English as a compulsory subject for elementary schools starting from next year. Will that affect the English curriculum for secondary education? I think not. The plan was not to entirely erase the English subject, but rather to make it as an optional school subject. Even now, when it is compulsory for students to learn English starting in the fourth grade, many elementary schools are not teaching the subject.There will be streamlining, but that does not mean that we will ban elementary schools that voluntarily wish to teach their students English from doing so. Elementary schools that have the capability to teach English well will be allowed to teach the language. We will keep providing attention to the teaching of English anywhere in this nation, but we don’t want to make the subject compulsory when most schools are incapable of carrying it out. It is better for the subject to be optional. The most important thing is that the schools don’t have too many core subjects, but we open more possibilities by giving them optional subjects.What plans and ideas do you have in mind for future campaigns of the use of English and prevention of student brawls? I think the most important is to change our English curriculum to focus on improving student communication skills. In fact, the current school-based curriculum [KTSP] has attempted to use that approach, but it fails because the teachers are so used to grammar and structure. It is impossible to tell our kids to learn to communicate in English when their teachers cannot do so. I believe that teachers of English at our schools must use English, instead of Indonesian, in class.That is what we are trying to reinforce in the new curriculum. Training for teachers, therefore, is a must. I think it’s a huge mistake if English teachers use Indonesian while in class. It’s fine in pri mary education levels. But in senior high schools, everyone must be brave enough to talk in English. I also encourage schools to have one day when everyone must speak English. In this aspect, the curriculum of Gontor Islamic Boarding School [in Ponorogo, East Java] is better than ours. They implemented a dual-language teaching system, using English and Arabic.Their graduates can speak English fluently because they use it every day. No one seems to protest that, whereas when we try to enforce our international standard project (RSBI) schools to use English, everyone protested. They say that enforcement ran against the spirit of nationalism. How can they be so narrow-minded? Mastering a foreign language does not mean your love for your country will fade away. Haji Agus Salim, a national hero, was widely known during his lifetime for having mastered more than five foreign languages. No one has ever questioned his nationalism.What is the importance of English in today's world? English L anguage Questions Best Answer http://EzineArticles. com/? expert=Raghu_Sundaram http://wiki. answers. com/Q/What_is_the_importance_of_English_in_today's_world Frankly speaking, it is highly essential to know the language for communication. In general, the most popular language is English. In this  computer  age, English is the only language that any one can understand. So to say, it has become as an ideal language for expressing our feelings. First, we have to learn the language and then we have to gain fluency in the language.Unless we have the fluency in English language, it would not be possible to work with the computer. If you do not know English, then you would be in need of a translator to do the job. The first stage of learning this language would be very interesting. Once you are fluent with the alphabets, slowly you can learn many words. It would always be better to follow the method of reading first, then writing. You can use the picture books for this purpose. When y ou feel that you are familiar with the words, you can form sentences. This is the most interesting stage to learn.You just think of a sentence in your  mother  language, and try to write the same sentence in English. There could be some mistakes. But you should not bother about it. But, you have to write the same sentence using many different words till you are satisfied with your sentence. If you follow this way, very soon you can create sentences of your own. The next step is learning the grammar of the language. It is quite simple and very systematic compared with other languages. There are certain rules and regulations for each and every topic in grammar of this language.As long as you follow the rules and regulations, it would be a difficult task to make mistakes. You would gain that much guidance from the grammar. The presentation is the most important factor in communicating your feelings. So, naturally you must be sure while you are presenting. what you really wish to sa y. At any point, do not try to write or speak, beyond your capability. Even if it is a small and simple sentence, it would reach the receiver perfectly. This is our basic  idea. Slowly, you can improve the standard of your language by practice.If you know to form the sentences, it is more than enough to go deep into the subject. Though this only an article about the importance of the English Language, we have to learn some of the basic points in presenting the sentences. There are three different types of sentences: They are, 1. Statements. 2. Interrogative sentence. 3. Imperative sentence. 4. Exclamatory sentence. To begin with, you must know the difference between a phrase and a sentence. Phrase is a group of words, which gives meaning, but not complete meaning. A sentence is a group of words, which makes a complete sense. . Statement: The sentence starting with nouns or pronouns is known as statement. Example: Rome is a church city. 2. Interrogative sentence: There are two type s of interrogative sentences. a. â€Å"wh† type question. The sentences starting with the following fords are â€Å"wh† type question. What, When, Where, Who, How many, How long and etcetera. Example: Why did you come late? 2. What are you doing there? b. â€Å"yes or no† type question. For which sentences you get the reply either with yes or no they are called yes or no type question. Example: Is your father a doctor? The answer: No sir. 3.Imperative sentence: The sentence that gives command, request, and advice is known as Imperative sentence. Example: Walk on the pavement. 2. Eat regularly. 4. Exclamatory sentence: The sentence that expresses the sudden feelings or strong emotions is known as exclamatory sentence. Example: Alas! He is dead. 2. Oh! What a beautiful sight. When you are familiar with the above points, it would be very interesting to you to create many wonderful sentences. In general, the sentences are divided into three different kinds. They are ,   1. Simple sentence. 2. Compound sentence. 3. Complex sentence.Though it very essential to have knowledge in  handling  the above sentences, we have to study them separately. In this essay, we are talking about the importance of the language. Many people make mistakes even with the usage of articles. It is a pity that even scholars may make mistakes. So, you should not get dejected with your style of writing. There is a lot of difference between these two. 1. a few 2. few   When you want to say that you have friends, you have to say that,† I have a few friends. †Ã‚   When you want to say that you do not have friends, you have to say that, â€Å"I have few friends. This is the opposite meaning of the word, many. Apart from these, there are many points to be discussed later. When you feel that you are already strong on the above subjects, you can develop your knowledge for betterment of your knowledge. As long as you educate yourself, you will come across many new things. There is no end for learning. All the above points are used in the normal usage of English. The literature value of the English Language is entirely different and should be dealt separately. Article Source: http://EzineArticles. com/? expert=Raghu_Sundaram Importance of the English Language in today's world ttp://zeeshannaved. hubpages. com/hub/importanceofenglishlanguages This Hub was last updated on July 10, 2012 Language is the source of communication. Its the way through which we share our ideas and thoughts with others. There are uncountable languages in this world. Because every country has their own national language, then they have different local languages spoken and understood by their people in different regions. Let's talk about English. It is the language of England and has International Standard. Many people think English as American Language but it is not true.In fact, when Columbus discovered America, he saw the country in the Stone Age with high illitera cy rate. Those were the European and English people who brought education and knowledge even technology towards America. There are several factors that make us to learn English Language to go through in the current time. First of all, as I already mention, it has International Standard, that’s why everyone needs to learn English in order to get in touch on International Level. If we see Educational field, we will find much of the syllabus is written in English. Children are taught and encouraged to learn English on starting levels.And accordingly, as they promote to the next levels they study almost all the subjects in English. We see the Internet and finds more than 90% of websites written and created in English. And even when you see some sites in other languages, they also give you the option to translate in English. All the research and studies you find will be written and typed in English. All the information regarding each and everything contains English Language. There is another factor that make English very important in this world is it is the easiest language of the world to learn.Many people think that it is very difficult and confusing. But I suggest them to start and learn only for a week and they will feel easy with English. With good understanding and communication in English, we can travel around the globe. We get assistance and help in English in every part of world. You can test it by on line travel. Better you visit some offices, companies, governmental organizations, and other departments, and you will see the importance of English as they hire the professional staff after getting know that whether the people they are hiring are good at English or not.This is the company's will that their staff is not even well educated but also good English speaker, writer and Reader. Those who are still unaware about the importance of English. They should start learning English as a time will come when everything would be understood, spoken and wri tten in English. Better watch some media and get the scope of English. 15 KASIM 2008 CUMARTESI http://toeflgencligi. blogspot. com/2008/11/importance-of-english. html IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH:

ING Life Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ING Life - Case Study Example This is because ING Life has done some investment in information and technology solutions through implementing the Val IT to ensure that the business organization gets a maximum return on it investment in information and technology. Limitations of using a public infrastructure (Internet) When deciding on what information and technology infrastructure to use it is important for a company to evaluate the content of the information which the handle. Since ING is an investment institution it usually handles information and data which might be sensitive in nature. One common dis advantage of using a public infrastructure for companies such as ING is that information is not secure and such companies are often targets of hacker. Public interfaces are easy to get in for professional hackers since they do not have complex security protocols and firewalls. For example, if an investment company uses public interface information technology solutions their customers might suffer from identity the ft since this information is usually contained in the company’s servers. ... ING’s public infrastructor solution is effective because though being public its access is only limited to specific ING partners internationally. Security is ensured by investing in solutions that will involve each partner ensuring that the public interface is secure on their end. However, this is not enough because its network systems can be still be hacked through systems such as sql injunctions which have happened to the organization specifically in Belgium. ING should invest in more secure infrastructures such as Vsat which will ensure direct communication of ING branches internationally in a secure manner since Vsat incorporates security protocols which are very effective. Vsat is an effective communication infrastructure because it incorporates both voice and data traffic. Vsat will give ING a onetime solutions in it communication and data due to the incorporation of voice and data traffic in the interface (Ramon, 2004). The company will also be able to control traffic s ince they will be in charge of their own network. By using advanced network solutions such as Vsat, Ing company will be able to link its local area networks and wide are network forming a mesh of different inter connected networks that cover the whole business establishment internationally (Elbert, 2004). The institution should also implement local area networks technologies that are secure, easy to maintain and reliable. For example, if the company invests in wireless local area networks it should consider hiring network security experts to ensure that their databases cannot be accesed by hackers since wireless networks are the most commonly hacked network since they can be harged from a distance (Bhaiji,

Marketing Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Marketing Communication - Essay Example esses for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large† (American Marketing Association, n.d.). Proper communication is very important for the success of any marketing strategy. Again proper strategy has to be adopted to communicate all those necessary information regarding the product, price, promotion and place. So it is clear that marketing and communication both are interconnected and success of one is dependent on the other. Marketing communication mix is comprised of different marketing communication elements like advertising, public relation, sales promotion, direct marketing etc. These are needed to be followed to achieve various marketing objectives. In 2012 summer Olympic Games will take place in London from 27 July to 12 August. Then there will be 2012 Paralympic games which would start from 29 August to 9 September. This is the third time that London would be hosting the Olympic Games. 2012 Olympic Games would be taking place in some of the new venues along with historic and existing facilities (London Olympics 2012, n.d.). London Organising Committee would be in charge of running the games. The logo of London Olympic has created lot of controversy in the recent past. Communication would be one of the most important factors for the success of such a mega event. Since it is a sports mega event quite obviously young generation of the world would be the major target of the communication strategies. But it has been found quite difficult to communicate anything to today’s youth. In this essay two major issues regarding this mega event are discussed. One is challenges that are likely to face by the organising committee while communicating to today’s youth and another one appropriate strategies and promotional tools for the communication of this event. Youth represents the main section of world population in the world today. They are the future of this globe. It is