International law seminar. Legal memo Case Study

International law seminar. Legal memo - Case Study Example This has enabled her rise above her competitors on the market. Packaging is a vital factor in trade that enables consumers to identify a particular item. An attractive way of packaging a product catches the buyer’s eye and this promotes sales hence earning much profit. It is on this note that Danielle decided to make her order of the boxes from Stuttgart Germany even though she was a citizen of United States. Entrepreneurship involves producers inventing new ways and approaches so as to dominate the market. This includes strategy. Proper strategy enables producers to counter challenges that may face their business. Therefore, Danielle wanted her chocolates to have a unique packaging feature hence going for the Box Masters Company. The paper indicates that since the bossiness partners originate from two different countries, the CISG shall be used as an applicable law. Danielle made an order of 40000 boxes of chocolate from her supplier. According to Danielle, the holiday season was a perfect time for her business since chocolates are favorites for a large number of people. The first issue indicates that the supplier delivered goods on 16th October as expected by Danielle, but they were not the boxes that she had ordered. This shows that they were normal boxes, which her competitors used on market. Her clients identified her chocolates from others on market as a result of her packaging design. The issue reflects that consumers will not be able to distinguish Danielle’s chocolates and this will lead to a loss. Thanksgiving and Christmas holidays offer reliable opportunities for business operations. Danielle was optimistic that she would make much profit similar to past years. Danielle wrote to the Box Masters informing them that the goods she had received were not what she had ordered. She explained to the company that using the normal boxes would make her lose customers, which would bring down her business. The Box Masters explained to the entrepren eur the challenges the company was facing, and indicated that they would send 10000 boxes by October 26th and finally deliver the remaining 30.000 boxes on November 16th. The Box Masters fulfilled their request where they delivered 10000 boxes on October 26. However, at that time damage had already taken place. Danielle had lost several clients as a result of the delay. The memo indicates that it was not imperative for the Box Masters to argue that Danielle could be sold the items on a subsided price. The mutual agreement between the buyer and the seller indicated a specific item and not just any item on shelf. Since they sent a wrong product they are required by law to stand in for the cost of shipment and insurance. According to article 16 of United Nation’s Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods [CISG] an offer may be revoked if goods reach the buyer before he has transmitted an acceptance. Therefore, from the above illustration, Danielle has aright to refuse the delivery of the 40000 boxes because they were dispatched without acceptance. It also states in article 17 of the CISG of the constitution that an offer is terminated when rejection reaches the seller. This can be shown since Danielle wrote to the Box Masters indicating that she had nothing to do with the normal boxes. According to this information, the Box Masters should make arrangements for the shipment of the normal boxes back to their warehouse since Danielle had paled a rejection. The main objective of any business venture is to satisfy her

Contacts to ZnO (zinc oxide) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Contacts to ZnO (zinc oxide) - Research Paper Example Furthermore, as ZnO films and crystals may be interfaced with a variety of metals to form schottky and ohmic contacts. ZnO contacts have the capability of replacing conventional or time tested materials that have been used including the AlInGaN system and so, ZnO contacts may pave way for more reliable and less costly appliances. ZnO has a hexagonal or wurtzite crystal structure. The wurtzite structure is formed with the Zn atoms being tetrahedrally coordinated with four O atoms. This allows the Zn d shell electrons to hybridize with the p shell of O. ZnO has a density of 5.606 g/cm3, melting point of 1975Â °C and exciton binding energy of 60mEV. The compound is a direct band gap semi conductor that has Eg=3.2eV. ZnO can be molded to produce desired electrical properties by divalent subsititution on the cation site. ZnO supports both n-type and p-type doping. The presence of Zn interstitials, O vacancies and hydrogen .The intrinsic level defects that cause n-type doping are 0.01-0.05eV below the conduction band. The material possesses an intrinsic direct band gap, a strong exciton state and gap states due to the presence of point defects. A study of the optical properties of ZnO by use of photoluminesence, photoconductivity and absorption confirms the presence of point defects[10].. ZnO is a wide gap semi conductor. Wide gap semi conductors are known to be more susceptible to n type doping; such as n-type doping through of ZnO through addition of excess Zn, Aluminum or Gallium. In this instance ZnO can be easily doped to form n-type material rather than p-type material. The reason behind the difficulty in doping ZnO to form p-type material can be linked to a number of reasons. In some cases, the inate point defects within the material compensate for the additional impurity by forming deep level traps. In other instances strong lattice relaxations push the dopant energy level deeper into the

Communication and Culture Issues over disrupted Software management Assignment

Communication and Culture Issues over disrupted Software management - Assignment Example Considering that a single organization cannot afford to undertake the production and distribution of the software globally on its own, the collaboration with other partners to achieve this is inevitable (Andreessen, 2011). It is this collaboration with other business partners that makes the coordination of the business more complex, threatening to affect the software development project negatively. As observed by Lee, Delone and Espinosa, the factors that creates major barriers to the coordination between the software producers and their partners include geographic distance, time separation, cultural differences, language differences and organizational boundaries (Lee, Delone, & Espinosa, 2006). Complexity of Global coordination Businesses rarely understand what makes the global software business successful. Thus even when confronted by such challenges, businesses are not in a position to dissect and clearly identify the appropriate strategies that would see them overcome these chall enges (Gonsalves, 2011). Nevertheless, there are certain strategies that can be applied to overcome such challenges, which include building a common platform, where the business partners should share an initial understanding of the suitable framework that would drive the collaboration between these business partners successful (Rosenberg, 2012). Labor organization is yet another strategy applicable to overcome the challenges of global software business partners’ communication since it entails the allocation of specialized duties to each of the partners, which ensures that they do not duplicate or overstep their operations thus avoiding the confusion that would ensue (Hoffman, 2013). The creation of understanding is yet another vital strategy, which calls upon the software business partners to share the challenge they face in a single platform, which will create a reference point for future operation plans, and thus help in avoiding the same challenges. Educating the team memb ers on the unique challenges facing the global software business and informing them of the strategies applicable to effectively overcome such challenges goes a long way in preparing the teams on how to address future challenges based on the past experiences (Brett, Behfar & Kern, 2006). Technology readiness is yet another strategy applicable, which impresses upon the team members to always prepare to adapt to new technologies that would enhance their collaboration. Increasing the frequency of new software development, coupled with teamwork which enables the teams to work as a co-located entity serves to foster high coordination, and thus enhance speedy goal achievement for the global team (Lee, Delone, & Espinosa, 2006). The advantage created by these strategies is that they foster goal attainment for the global software development and distribution team as if the team was a single co-located entity, working in a seamless collaboration. Nevertheless, the application of such strategi es requires high levels of commitment and efforts by all the team members involved. Ramesh, Cao, Mohan and Xu observe that there is a tendency for software developm

Analysis of news article in relation to macroeconomic concepts Term Paper

Analysis of news article in relation to macroeconomic concepts - Term Paper Example It is important to strengthen the Canadian economic vision that is built on innovation and knowledge, which is driven by a diverse and successful university sector (Yusuf & Nabeshima, 2012). Using this approach, the Canadian government can fully realize the contributions made by universities, especially those that are business-engaged. This paper aims to discuss the role that universities can play in growing the country’s GDP and in decreasing the rate of unemployment. Universities at the Center of GDP Growth A permanent hike in university funding, for instance, by use of taxpayers’ money, could emerge, as a cornerstone for the government to increase Canada’s GDP. A report by the Universities of New Zealand and NZIER concluded that an increase of government investment in universities would lead to a permanent and significant increase in the country’s GDP. In illustrating how increased funding would affect the economy, they modeled an additional $200 millio n in university research and funding over the next five years (Yusuf & Nabeshima, 2012). ... The Canadian government, at present, invests just more than $1 billion every year in universities with a similar amount supporting university students financially (Yusuf & Nabeshima, 2012). The Canadian government increased investment levels significantly in education following a report by KPMG Econ Tech in 2009. The report called, for increased university funding, to boost the Canadian productivity levels nationally by 4.6% by the year 2040. The same report also estimated that the implementation of these recommendations could also add up to 6.4% to the GDP. It is important for the government to increase university learning and teaching base funding by 10% by 2020 and ensure that they maintain internationally competitive funding levels (Yusuf & Nabeshima, 2012). It could be expected that implementation would do more for living standards and GDP than any single reform that is publicly identified and costed. Boosting university investment could lead to a more skilled and smarter, work force and improve wealth distribution that would reduce the two-speed economy problem where there is a boom in some sectors while others continue to struggle. The cumulative benefit to the treasury from these reforms taken over the period between 2010 and 2040 is projected at $325 billion, which is the public funding that is required for Canada’s major future needs (Yusuf & Nabeshima, 2012). This information also confirms that investment in universities from the government will continue to provide a dividend in productivity for many years to come. Expanding university reach in Canada is central to the productivity agenda fronted by the Canadian government. In this century, the

Case analysis for business negotiation Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis for business negotiation - Case Study Example Moreover, this was likely due to the high labor costs in France as well as the increasing inputs of the production process. With this baseline of understanding established, the CEO then went on to elaborate upon how labor costs and inputs within Slovakia are measurably cheaper than in France (approximately 30% on the whole). In such a way, such an approach would definitively save money in the long run. Finally, anecdotal evidence is given with regards to the fact that other large firm such as Peugeot and Sony had recently relocated their operations from France to Slovakia and had experience and measurable increase in overall growth and profitability as a result. 2. How did this CEO communicate to the media the closing of the plant and its relocation to Slovakia from becoming a national issue? One of the first reasons that any level of media hype is generated is with regards to the level and extent to which leaks of the information reveal a sensational story that the media cannot resi st. In such a way, the strategy of closure within this particular case was handled with the utmost care. This was facilitated I insisting that all individuals who were cognizant of these changes sign a nondisclosure agreement and remain very tightlipped within the firm as well as without with regards to the facts that closure was soon it likely to take place. In this way, once the information was released, the firm had fully anticipated the response and was able to manage the story in a way that did not create a sensation or make stakeholders feel as if they had been kept in the dark with regards to such a decision. 3: What were the negotiating strategies used to reach the agreement? With regards to the negotiating strategies used to reach the agreement of plant closure, these were necessarily concentric around cooperation, analysis of the situation from multifaceted viewpoint, and general secrecy. Although the first to have been briefly enumerated upon, the general secrecy might ne cessarily be viewed as a negative aspect. However, the negative externalities of not keeping a closely guarded secret with regards to the means by which the plant would close might necessarily harm each and every stakeholder within the entire process. By making the information known prior to a formal strategy being elaborated upon, the situation would necessarily unfold in and out of hand manner without the CEO or top management being able to be directed in any way shape or form. From the firm’s perspective, such an eventuality would mean in much higher cost with regards to the payments that they would be due to the labor unions. 4: What are the pitfalls to be avoided when negotiating with the labor union representatives? By engaging early with the labor unions, the firm was able to experience a â‚ ¬1 million savings by reducing costs that would otherwise have been associated with payoffs to the union that were required. This was able to be effected simply by assuring them that all employees 55 years or older would be a able to draw an early pension from the plant shuttering. In this way a cooperation strategy was employed. Furthermore a bond of trust between the firm and the union representatives was established prior to the shuttering of plant. This was leveraged when the bad news was delivered to the union as a means of creating a situation in which the union

Theists and atheists often debate whether the existence of God is Essay

Theists and atheists often debate whether the existence of God is relevant to ethics. Does morality require a theological foundation Take the position that mor - Essay Example Godless ethics and morality have left the hearts and minds of Russian people empty and void. People, who believe that God is unnecessary, argue that morality is the basically the humanitarian issue that has to be resolved at the level of humanity. And that god should not come in between. Whereas, as a matter of fact, belief in God is the essence of ethics. These ethics are universal and bind the people in one rope of morality. God is one, whether this is Christianity (trinity), Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism or Judaism. All the divine and non-divine religions believe in the concept of one God, who commands the humanity for peace, tranquility, love and cordiality unto each other. All the principles of morality are derived from the belief in God, the day of resurrection, reward and punishment. In this world, no person can get enough rewards for his good moral deeds or punishment for his bad moral deeds. For instance, a man who kills 100 people can only be hanged once and the punishment ends. But in the day hereafter, the murderer will be punished for death, forever. A man, who inv ented aspirin medicine, has to be rewarded by God in haven, forever, and a worldly a cash prize cannot be enough reward. Therefore, mundane rewards and punishments are not enough for the good and bad people in this world and all these things have to be left to God, the Day of Judgment, haven and hell. Friedrich Nietzsche theory, that God is dead and man is free from the metaphysical demands of God is itself dead. Because value of morality on the base of love for oneself could no more hold the ground. The later sages have already countered the arguments of Greek philosophers against God as giver of ethics and morality. "The truth is we have no reference point about morality except as God reveals it. For us to argue with the source of morality is for the clay to argue with the potter" (Timothy J. Madigan.1997). God is the creator and sustainer of all things. He has all the potency and ability to guide us in matters of morality. Human is bound to err and sin and he seldom knows what is good and what is bad. He has always a limited scope of reason (Rom. 7:18-21). God is the only universal and absolute ori gin of morality.According to naturalists, the human being is born with ethical framework in his mind and heart. And they believe there is no further need to groom the human beings in morality on the basis of religion or any other theology. This point is not valid and historically, not proven. Morality on the foundations of religion has evolved over the centuries since unknown time. Man has been brutal, savage and untamed like any other beast in the forests. Religion has always been a source of guidance to him. This is the divine revelation that has always tamed him and removed cruelty, and incivility from his personality. Therefore, scientific naturalistic discourses cannot be an alternate source of morality for the human being. As the God cannot be proved through scientific discussion, therefore reliance on naturalists claim is counterproductive for source of guidance in morality and ethics.Holy Bible has proved that man is born as a bare creature with human instincts of

Tourism and Its Impact on a Country's Image Research Paper

Tourism and Its Impact on a Country's Image - Research Paper Example 903). The power of image to significantly influence the outlook of individuals has been known from long. Thus, social psychologists had identified image as an affirmative and potent phenomenon, while the present day marketing research has extensively explored the capacity of brand and other images to guide consumer behavior (Elliot, Papadopoulos, & Kim, 2011, p. 521). The power of image is clearly discernible in tourism; and several important writings in the 1970s served to highlight the importance of image in anticipating travel behavior. As a consequence, tourism destination image (TDI) has emerged as an important perspective of research (Elliot, Papadopoulos, & Kim, 2011, p. 521). Several studies have been conducted with respect to the effect of image on traveler choice. However, the diversity in conceptualizations of place image denotes the absence of a theoretical basis and the fact that the research has been disjointed (Elliot, Papadopoulos, & Kim, 2011, p. 521). Among the sign ificant sectors of the economy that are experiencing rapid growth, tourism occupies a very important place. This sector has to countenance the possibilities and challenges that are posed by globalization. Tourism markets have traditionally been isolated from one another (Navickas & Malakauskaite, 2009, p. 37). An important development during the past few decades has been the diffusion of the boundaries between national businesses. The income of individuals and families has experienced a gradual increase, which in turn has made it attractive for them to travel longer distances, as tourists (Navickas & Malakauskaite, 2009, p. 37). Moreover, global tourism has benefitted enormously on account of the enhancement in the quality of tourist products and services, ingenious tourism marketing strategies, developments in communications and transport, and other related factors (Navickas & Malakauskaite, 2009, p. 37). The ever burgeoning tourism market is being avidly scrutinized by countries t hat are keen to control the major share of the profits of this industry. This especially holds good for countries that are dependent on tourism, and which depend almost exclusively on the travel industry and tourism to generate the much needed revenues (Navickas & Malakauskaite, 2009, p. 37). Contemporary existence is within a regime of super brands. This makes it out of the ordinary to consider a city, state, region or nation as a brand. The benefit of having brands is that the consumer finds it much less intricate to make a selection and that the consumer enjoys a particular brand (Gruescu, Pirvu, & Nanu, 2008, p. 253). If a place is to be rendered a center for the promotion and acceleration of economic development, then it seems logical to manage it as a brand. Such branding will procure an improved value and identity in what is essentially an ever increasingly competitive market (Gruescu, Pirvu, & Nanu, 2008, p. 253). It is essential for a branded approach to bring in focus, con sistency and to provide leadership that brings together community partners. In addition, such approach should ensure that it emerges as the fulcrum for adding value to customers; and this should be promoted by the combined marketing initiatives of the city (Gruescu, Pirvu, & Nanu, 2008, p. 253). In the context of the advanced economies of Central Europe, the chief driving forces of foreign policy have been accession to the European Union and integration into the global economy. In several instances, there has been