Student Voice - Pandora's Box or Philosopher's Stone Essay

Understudy Voice - Pandora's Box or Philosopher's Stone - Essay Example From this examination unmistakably the cutting edge idea of permitting understudy inclusion inside the field of instructing learning is moderately new to UK, however the idea isn't new in different pieces of the world. Regardless of the different ongoing changes made inside UK instructive framework, it is seen that understudies are once in a while requested to partake, along these lines remaining generally unheard, during change forms. To make training progressively delegate, perspectives on the understudies must be tuned in to and given its due significance. In any case, fusing student’s voice doesn't simply include adjusting the aftereffects of the current instructive frameworks or finding goals to different existing issues. Rather, it manages adjusting forms, strategies through which the understudies can influence the course of training. Here the creators accepted that that UK instructive framework ought to be transformed to such an extent that it would work according to th e student’s prerequisites, rather than the understudies changing themselves to the framework. Such extreme adjustments involve changes at practically all levels, including changes inside the fundamental UK instructive culture, and the connections between understudies, educationists, and the schools, where there must an attitude with respect to the educationists and strategy creators to tune in to the understudies. Understudies should essentially be energized with the goal that they are gotten all the more legitimately associated with dynamic procedures identified with their training. The ideas of understudy voice incorporates different exercises that advance conversation, discourse, reflection and exercises on issues that are identified with students alongside its impacts on instructors, school staff and the encompassing society. Regularly this strategy involves strategies like companion support, buddying, and different estimates that advance and permit the students to air th eir sentiments and achieve different appropriate changes alterations. Such measures incorporate the development of the making of school understudy chambers, educational committees having understudies as individuals, understudies as individuals from staff arrangement board, specialist understudy and the ventures for ‘child-to-child’ exercises that advance initiative among the students, while supporting ‘active citizenship’ through the participation of these students in different network based exercises and activities (Futurelab, 2006). In its endeavor to acquire students’ voice, the UK Government has referenced completely its longing to make a more tweaked type of an instructive framework, where the method of educating would take into account the requirements of the understudies, and not the other route round. This would be particularly useful for

My Ambition in Life Essay Example for Free

My Ambition in Life Essay We are altogether acquainted with the adage ‘Hitch your wagon to a star.’ The rationale behind it is straightforward. In the event that we don't yearn for something extraordinary, we will not take a stab at it and thusly lead an existence of shame. The collections of memoirs of every incredible man uncover, that every one of them right off the bat in youth had a fantasy, a dream of what they planned to do or turn into. This is particularly separated from wandering off in fantasy land, for in the expressions of William Shakespeare â€Å"Ambition ought to be made of sterner stuff’. Along these lines it isn't do the trick to just dream, yet one should perseveringly endeavor to accomplish and understand this fantasy. I also have a fantasy, a desire of turning into a specialist. This is so in light of the fact that it is an honorable calling, that likewise orders a ton of regard in the general public. The white coat and the stethoscope entrances me, directly since my adolescence. The appearance of concern, feeling of compassion and the sentiment of certainty that the specialist motivates in a patient, mitigates his misery. He is viewed as a savior by the wiped out and the weak. Regardless of how huge or amazing a man may be, he constantly falls wiped out and needs to look for the doctor’s help. There are numerous different callings that offer more cash, force and fabulousness, yet none orders the regard and the poise of a specialist. All these are nevertheless passing things, that are there today and gone tomorrow, yet the status and administration of a specialist doesn't decrease. Then again, on the off chance that he rehearses his calling honorably, it increments and increases with the progression of time. The street to understanding my fantasy isn't simple, nor do I anticipate that it should be so. I would need to finish the serious premedical assessment, before I could pick up passage to a clinical school. I have started groundwork for the equivalent vigorously and with God’s effortlessness I do would like to clear the test. I might want to spend significant time in Cardiac sicknesses in the wake of finishing my MBBS. This is a deadly infirmity that has tormented us and is on the ascent. It has now begun harrowing even youngsters and this nation would require numerous cardiologists to deal with them. This is my fantasy which I do expectation will work out as expected. I will investigate every possibility to transform my desire into the real world, for I solidly accept that our triumphs and annihilations are in us. H.W. Longfellow appropriately echoes these suppositions when he says â€Å"Not in the noise of packed boulevards not in the yells of praises of the crowd. Be that as it may, in ourselves are triumphs and defeats.†

Social Scholarship Essays - Sociology, Teenage Pregnancy

Social Scholarship As I have developed as an understudy and a researcher it has gotten all the more obvious to me that in the present society with all it's discussion of multi-culturalism and mixture talk it is explicitly evident that a significant part of the talk in regards to the social world is established in Euro-driven research and belief system. Accordingly, I content that it is the job of the African American humanist to move the focal point of investigation from an European concentration to one that is comprehensive surprisingly spoke to in this general public. This must be accomplished by offering voice to those whose encounters have been conventional underestimated in the talk concerning the social world. A fifteen-year-old young lady discovers that she is pregnant. In spite of the fact that she and her beau have been as one since she was thirteen, she is apprehensive she will lose him in the event that she lets him know. She feels as though she has at last discovered somebody to cherish. This man adores her more than the men in her family who explicitly manhandled her did. He cherishes her more than her dad who is rarely home. In spite of her dread, and on account of that adoration, she lets him know. He is seventeen and terrified of parenthood. All things considered, he never had a dad. What was he going to have the option to confer to the new life he had made? How might he have the option to show a little girl how to request regard from a man when he was not sure whenever regarded ladies? How might he train masculinity to a child when he was as yet a kid himself? These inquiries and more seethed through his head. All of Nevertheless, he recognized what he should do. He would wed her After everything, he loved her or so he thought what's more it was the proper activity. This couple bore a child brought into the world with mental and truly inabilities. They got hitched at sixteen years old and eighteen. After one year, they had a subsequent youngster. The young lady quit secondary school in ninth grade and the kid joined the military. In any case, the weights of life started to weigh vigorously on them and the both went to tranquilize use. The military would have none of that and the kid was downgraded and quit utilizing drugs. Lamentably, with the weights of being a spouse and mother burdening her fretful soul, the young lady couldn't stop and her utilization transformed into a devastating dependence. Following thirteen years of marriage the kid and young lady, know man and lady, separated. Their lives changed angrily perpetually habit. Different parts of this story play out ordinarily in families the nation over. This story could be anybody's story however it is explicitly the narrative of my folks. I have seen and experienced direct the inconvenience that issues of high schooler pregnancy, sedate use, sexual maltreatment and handicap can have not, just on society overall however on singular families. It has been this introduction that has energized my scholarly development and fortified my longing to add to the truly necessary talk of the African American family in Black human science. Humanism has permitted me to see my background through a basic academic focal point. This control has permitted me to see the inside association between my encounters and the bigger social world. My life has been a demonstration of the need to have African Americans who are prepared in this control and can advance a system by which to see our social issues without casualty accusing philosophies. It is consequently that my advantages have been moved toward African American human science. My encounters as an African American lady has formed and shaped my ways of thinking and convictions about my specific job as a dark humanist. It has been my experience that every association, association, and second in one's life is a block. The assortment of those blocks in the long run assembles the houses wherein our spirits will stay. As individuals, it is possible that we can put those blocks in a place that yields quality and perseverance for this house or we can put them randomly in an arrangement that doesn't bolster or keep up the house. It is the way we choose to construct our home that unavoidably decides

How Long Should a Term Paper Be?

How Long Should a Term Paper Be?There are many advantages to writing a paper, and to having a high grade in the test, but there are some disadvantages as well. If you decide to write a paper of this kind, you should keep these points in mind.If you have the time, you will find that it is beneficial to put your research and writing effort into a more general area, but this can be an often overlooked advantage. For example, if you want to write a paper on the subject of a problem with e-commerce, you should instead use your knowledge of the field to talk about how a website can improve for the benefit of a particular business. In many cases, if you are willing to put the research and writing effort into a more general subject, then you will end up being rewarded for the time.Too much research can be detrimental to the grade you receive. If you get stuck on something, or if you spend hours going over your work, you may find that it is of a lower grade than you wanted. Some professors wi ll give you a mark for an excellent amount of research, but there is a fine line between providing enough and not enough. It is important to consider how much is too much.Writing a paper is not a very easy way to get your thoughts across, and you need to pay attention to your voice as well. If you use a strong tone, the paper will be read better, and this will help you raise your grade.You will be writing a paper, and this makes it difficult to make a simple point about a single thing. Instead, you need to discuss the importance of things, and you can discuss the importance of more than one thing. If you feel that you are getting bogged down, the professor may give you a mark for more than the mark you would have received if you had gone to the trouble of giving a few paragraphs.If you have completed a course, you should still make certain work for the exam. This means that the answer to a question must match the answer you thought you had. If you do not remember all the information , then you may be given a mark for the wrong answer.These are only a few points to keep in mind as you consider writing a paper. Many students find that they write too many papers and receive very low grades. It may be useful to consider these points before you decide to go ahead with the paper.

The Realities Of Human Trafficking Essay - 2253 Words

The Realities on Punishing Human Trafficking Crimes Out of the thousands of people that have been human trafficking victims each year, only an insignificant amount of them is actually reported. Imagine being in 8th grade. Having all sorts of hopes and dreams. Now flash forward to dreams being taken away by a pimp that lures people into human trafficking. In short, this is true for Holly Austin Smith, a survivor of human trafficking. The punishment for the pimps that ruin the lives of these young girls is not severe. Therefore, there is not much aid for the girls after they get rescued from this tragedy. A realization Holly had soon on and explains, â€Å"...Although I was soon recognized to be a victim, the specialized aftercare needed for a trafficking victim did not yet exist... Twenty years ago, there were no anti-trafficking laws in place. This pimp, who raped and lured a child into prostitution, served only 365 days in jail† (Smith). This young girl had recovered from this vile incident all by herself. Many other girl s in her position have gone through similar experiences and have been abused by their pimp. In addition, the pimp will not receive much punishment. A heartbreaking story repeated across America and is very prominent in other countries. In America, most of the time victims are the ones that usually serve time in jail since in some cases it’s considered prostitution, even if it was forced by the pimp. In most cases, the pimps stay uncovered and if theShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography On Human Trafficking1278 Words   |  6 PagesProspectus on Human Trafficking in the United States For my research paper, I will be explaining the issue of human trafficking in the United States and propose a course of action we can take to help combat the growth of this problem. Article 3, paragraph (a) of the United Nation s Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons essentially defines trafficking as the harboring or transportation of a person through any means, including force, threats, fraud, and coercion (42). Read MoreModern Day Slavery Essay1039 Words   |  5 PagesMason Moran Mrs. Davis Government Period 9 February 14, 2013 Research Project: Human Trafficking â€Å"Modern Day Slavery† â€Å"SLAVERY was abolished 150 years ago, right? While it is true that slavery is illegal almost everywhere on earth, the fact is there are more slaves today than there ever were†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Despite the grim reality described in this quote, I believe Robert Alan successfully undermines a common misconception held by Americans, both young and old. Although we are brought up thinking thatRead MoreModern Day Slavery: Human Trafficking 866 Words   |  4 PagesBlood Borne Connections.) Human trafficking is the modern day slavery, it involves taking control over a person through force, fraud or coercion to exploit the victim for forced labor, sexual exploitation. or both (â€Å"What† par.1). This is become the sad reality for many, approximately three out of every 1,000 people worldwide are being forced into this such slavery. Victims of human trafficking are people of all backgrounds and ages, no one is safe from the dirty hands of human traffickers. Every yearRead More Human Trafficking : The Illegal Act Of Trading Humans1157 Words   |  5 PagesTH 2pm Final Draft Human trafficking is the illegal act of trading humans for any type of forced behavior, such as prostitution or labor. It is estimated by the United Nations that four million people around the world are victims of human trafficking each year. This global issue needs to be better controlled by foreign and domestic cooperation and awareness. One of the most important things to know about human trafficking is the different forms. While sexual human trafficking is the most commonRead MoreHuman Trafficking : South East Asia908 Words   |  4 PagesHuman trafficking is still lingering in South-East Asia as of today, and we do not expect to leave any time soon in the near future. The reality is that South-East Asian countries are mainly â€Å"affected by domestic trafficking or trafficking from the neighboring countries† (UNODC, 2014). There is an approximate â€Å"12 to 27 million people enslaved and exploited by human trafficking†, which this crime network brings in approximately â€Å"$30 billion dollars annually† (Collins, 2014). It is detected that todayRead MoreSex Trafficking A History That Trafficking1515 Words   |  7 PagesThe history of trafficking goes back much further than one would think. Donna Hughes explains in her article Combating Sex trafficking a history that trafficking really st arted in England as early as 1875. Even though this article suggests that human trafficking started as early as 1875, we have learned in class from the Sugar changed the world: a story of magic, spice, slavery, freedom, and science that it goes way further back than that. This movement in 1875 only affected women at the time. ThisRead MoreThe Article Child Trafficking Thailand : Prevention And Prosecution Challenges `` By Ross Michael Pink851 Words   |  4 PagesThe article â€Å"Child Trafficking in Thailand: Prevention and Prosecution Challenges†, published in 2013 by Ross Michael Pink, examines the intersect of poverty, marginalization and entrenched patterns of corruption of Thailand’s Police and Judiciary System, that enables an environment for child trafficking. Despite Thailand being a signatory of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC 1989), the country fails to comply to Articles 34 ad 35 of the Convention—that State Parties p rotectRead MoreHuman Trafficking Has Become A Meaningless Term `` By Noah Berlatsky852 Words   |  4 PagesIn the article, Human Trafficking Has Become a Meaningless Term† by Noah Berlatsky, the author argues that human trafficking is not modern-day slavery, and that â€Å" politicians and activists often abuse it to push for punitive laws or to incite moral panic†. (Berlatsky) It is apparent that the author s agenda is to rationalize his position on legalizing prostitution by downplaying the reality of sex trafficking. For example, Berlatsky depicts human sex trafficking as a concept thatRead MoreSex Trafficking And The United States1672 Words   |  7 Pagesterm human sex trafficking, they think of heinous acts that take place in other countries where adults, children, girls and boys are exploited to perform sexual acts in exchange for money or goods against their will. They think it typically occurs in places that are less developed than the United States. However, the reality of this horrific crime is that it is taking place in the United States, and it occurs more and more each and every day. Young girls are not solely the victim of human sex traffickingRead MoreDomestic Human Sex Trafficking in the United States1300 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic Human Sex Trafficking in the United States Human sex trafficking and its sister category, Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking also referred to as DMST, (Kotrla,K. 2010) is the most common form of modern day slavery. In the United States there are an estimated 293,000 youth who fall under high risk factor or DMST (Walker-Rodriguez, A. Hill, R. 2011). Many men prey on the at risk youth to make a fortune for themselves. DMST exposes the youth to a life filled with violence, abuse that is both

The Issue Of College Sports Essay - 1820 Words

It’s Saturday. Everyone is gearing up for the big game. The alumni are out in the parking lot firing up the grills for tailgating. The students are waiting in long lines to make sure they can get a ticket into the student section. Kids are running into the team store, eagerly looking for their favorite jersey, or perhaps a cool hat and a foam finger. The concession lines go around the stadium. The stadium is sold out beyond capacity, stuffing people into the luxury viewing booths and overcharging the seats way up in the nosebleeds, up in the spots where you can hardly see what’s happening. After the game ends, students and families alike head toward the fan shop again, rushing to find something they can get autographed by the star quarterback. Perhaps one of the biggest facets of the American culture that can’t be found anywhere else in the world is the concept of college sports. The United States is the only country on the globe where students at institutions of higher learning compete in collegiate athletics against each other. Every year, college sports captivate the entire nation; people want to cheer on their school or alma mater and showcase the pride they have in their program, and universities look on with glee as they rake in the benefits of such a lucrative market. Here’s the catch: the players, the ones who work tirelessly, who shed blood, sweat, and tears for their schools, don’t see any of it. Who are the ones whose names are chanted religiously by the fans?Show MoreRelatedShould College Athletes Be Paid? Essay1739 Words   |  7 PagesShould College Athletes Be Paid to Play? The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) governs all laws regarding college sports under the Division I, Division II, and Division III conferences. Its sole purpose is to protect student-athletes on and off the field, and regulate all games and scholarships affiliated with the students. Right now there are 1,121 colleges and universities under the NCAA (NCAA, n.d.), leaving a chunk of schools out—those who do not participate in Division I, II,Read MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1537 Words   |  7 PagesIn America sports wherever there is people, there will also be sports. Sports have played a major role in American history. To some people sports is all they have. It is just the way that things are. The issue in sports now is that the NCAA exploit the sports world and the very backbone of the corporation is the poorest. It is an issue that has been around for quite some time now. The issue is that the sports world face is the fact that college athletes are no t paid, although they perform in a multibillionRead MoreShould College Athletes Get Paid?1742 Words   |  7 PagesShould College Athletes Get Paid? Should college athletes be paid? This has been a controversial topic ever since college sports started. Many people argue that they should. Many people argue that they should not. College athletes should get paid because they work extremely hard playing their sport. The people that say they should be paid argue that the amount of time athletes dedicate is equivalent to a full-time job, and maybe even more. The people that say they should not get paid argue that collegeRead MoreShould College Sports Be Banned?1301 Words   |  6 PagesOver the last decade college sports have generated more and more money, for themselves and the conferences they’re affiliated with. Division I college sports, most notably football and basketball, provide a huge source of universities’ income. The schools generate revenue from selling tickets, their various television contracts, and merchandise that supports the sport programs, along with many other sports related revenue builders. The ath letes however, get a scholarship and not much else. WhileRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid? Essay1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe question about payment to college athletes is consistently raised in discussions because the decision is extremely controversial. It is important to mention that there are both pros and cons on this matter. Payment to college athletes can be perceived as a positive opportunity or negative drawback of involvement in professional sports that distracts them from learning. Young people should be able to develop their individuality, socialize and learn instead of being focused on the job before gettingRead MoreAthletes Should Not Be Paid For Their Skill1703 Words   |  7 Pages50% of the year. Although most athletes get enjoyment out of simply playing, some athletes feel they should be paid for their skill. There is an arising controversy regarding athletes not being paid for the amount of commitment they put into their sport. While athletes spend a l ot of time training, paying athletes would lead to multiple long-lasting problems for institutions, athletic programs, and athletes. Paying athletes would compromise the integrity of intercollegiate athletics. There are NCAARead MoreWhether College Athletes Should Be Paid or Not1029 Words   |  5 PagesEvery year, there is a big debate on whether or not college athletes should receive pay for their play. The reasons and rhetoric to why they should be paid are enticing; players are the ones who earn the money for the schools, playing a sport at a major Division 1 University has the effect of a full-time job, the players are treated as slaves by their schools’ sports program. Although they exist in great number, these reasons for â€Å"pay for play† are invalid and are outweighed by the opposing sideRead MoreThe Effect of College Athletics on Academics 888 Words   |  4 PagesCollege is a time for young people to develop and grow not only in their education, but social aspects as well. One of the biggest social scenes found around college campuses are athletic events, but where would these colleg e sports be without their dedicated athletes? Student athletes get a lot of praise for their achievements on the field, but tend to disregard the work they accomplish in the classroom. Living in a college environment as a student athlete has a great deal of advantages as wellRead More Should College Athletes be Paid? Essay1510 Words   |  7 Pagesbig controversies with sports is, should student athletes be be paid a salary? Some people believe that they should be paid and others would completely disagree. Even though they technically are being paid, they really are not. The only type of way the athletes would be paid is through financial aid or if they have a job. Only their education is being paid by the school. Although some people believe that they should be paid, it would not be a good idea at all. So college athletes should not beRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1402 Words   |  6 PagesShould College Athletes be Paid? Most American people like sports. College Sports have been growing up every year and universities and athletes are more competitive every year. The NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) was founded in 1906 to protect young people from the dangerous and exploitive athletics practices of the time and continues to implement that principle with increased emphasis on both athletics and academic excellence (NCAA 2012). The NCAA make and apply the rules in college

The Role of a Strategic Leader in an Organization free essay sample

Role of Indian Media in the New Age The following is the speech given by Shri Kapil Sibal, Minister of HRD and C IT, on the topic: Role of Indian Media in the New Ag, presiding as the Chief Guest for the Press Club Awards for Excellence in Journalism , on 5th May, 2012 at The NSCI, Worli, Mumbai. I am privileged to be here with you on a day the media celebrates its exceptional performers. I congratulate all those who have received awards and wish them continued success in their profession. The media has emerged as a pillar of the modern State. nbsp; The foundation of a modern democratic State lies in its ability to secure fundamental rights promised to its people, to deliver Justice and lead its people to economic and social progress. Democracy is defined by freedom of speech and expression. Media is an embodiment of these rights that define democracy. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of a Strategic Leader in an Organization or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If we look back into history, the emergence of the modern nation-state where the sovereignty vested in its people is closely related to the spread of the printing press. Guttenberg ¤Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ws Bible (the first printed book) was a precursor to the spread of emocracy and republican thought across the world. Rousseau was mild mannered, but his thoughts disseminated by the newspapers in the coffee houses of Paris resulted in the French Revolution. Liberty, Equality and Fraternity as the slogan for the Revolution owes much to the media of the day. The Indian media has been truly a pillar of the Indian State. Eternal vigilance is the price of freedom. The Indian media has indeed been vigilant and persuasive in protection of freedoms and awakening thought. If we have preserved our democracy in the midst of periodic lapses into ictatorships in our neighbourhood, the credit should go to our founding fathers who created robust institutions and to the media who kept a vigilant watch at preserving these institutions. However, the nature of media has also been changing over the last two decades. The emergence of the electronic media in India over two decades ago since the first war to be witnessed live by millions in the cosy comforts of their homes, brought the power of imagery to the forefront. The growing dominance of imagery over substance in an era where time is of the essence and competition is ntense, has brought about the need for stoking fires, beaming controversies and heated debates in the media. The divergence of approach between the print and the electronic media has been amply demonstrated in the events of the last year. Today ¤ es media does not provide much space for settling differences, it prefers to dog the protagonists forever reminding them of the past. There is a problem with this approach. We do not sufficiently celebrate our achievements, we do not appreciate the progress that we make. The spread of negative sentiment leads to despondency and inaction. Infact, today ¤Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ws headline in a prominent newspaper speaks of the fear that stalks the corridors of bureaucracy. Despite the exhortation of the Prime Minister, the civil services today is afraid of action, for any action can be questioned. Faith and trust in all institutions are being eroded. Rampant mistrust, I believe, has slowed governance and if not corrected, can imperil the foundations of democracy. We have much to correct, but it is necessary for room for correction to be available. When there is a dispute in a family, the members retire to a place of seclusion to ettle eir tn ditterences. Today, there is no such place available due to the omnipotence of media. Competition spurs innovation, but unhealthy competition can lead to pandering. The rush for eyeballs in a crush of problems leads to extremes being aired rather than the moderate being heard. In such a situation, the responsibility of the media to the larger society gets diluted.    At the same time, I would for one strongly oppose attempts to impose responsibility through regulatory action. It is for the media to ponder and find solutions for itself. If the media fails to o so, Just as we are witnessing a clamour for Judicial accountability because the judiciary has not succeeded in inculcating responsibility within itself, a similar clamour for media accountability would grow. Another trend that has emerged in the recent years is the growth of the social media riding in the ICT revolution. Social interactions have exploded as never before, aided by the connecting power of the internet. The ability of thoughts to converge and congregate have multiplied manifold.

Robin Hood Essays - English-language Films, Merry Men,

Robin Hood Robin Hood, by Paul Creswick, is a story of great triumph. Many people know the myth of Robin Hood, but they do not know the life of Robin Hood. It is a good novel to read if the reader likes stories of a true legend. Also, it is a novel that deals with friendship, motivation, action, bravery, and love. The novel is primarily based on friendship. The friends that Robin makes and the camaraderie they share makes this a terrific book. Living in the forest, away from the law, they are all outlaws and they are all there for each other when trouble presents its self. One example is when one of the outlaws, Little John,is about to be hung, the rest of the crew risked life and limb to save his life. A few of the members even died trying to help Little John escape, but they all knew that was the meaning of friendship. When one of the outlaws was sick or wounded, someone always stayed with them and made sure he got better. With their friendship came trust. All of the outlaws knew that they could trust each other, no matter what the situation presented. If one of the outlaws went into the city to buy goods, the others knew that he would not run off with the money or tell the Sheriff where they were hiding. A good example of that is when Will Stutely had a falling out with the gang. He went and worked in the sheriff's kitchen as a cook, and even though he had left the gang and was employed by the law, he still kept the hiding place secret and told noone the where abouts of Robin Hood. Another reason the novel is good to read is the motivation the gang has. Their primary motivator is freedom. Everything they do is to try to gain freedom from the crooked king. They live in caves throughout the woods and sleep on the hard ground because they are just glad to be free there. In the forest, they make their own laws and obide by them strictly. If someone does not obey the laws set by the gang, then they are kicked out of the forest and must live in the non-democratic city and give up their freedom. Once the gang leaves the forest though, they have no respect for any laws but their own. Their secondary motivator is money. They do not obtain money honestly. They rob the rich people that travel through the forest and give it to the people that are traveling through the forest that need it, as long as they promise to pay it back. An example from the book is where a Knight that owes a rich Bishop two hundred dollars is traveling through and meets Robin and the gang. After Robin tried to rob the Knight, the Knight tells him that he is poor and owes the Bishop money he had borrowed to feed his family. Robin gave the Knight the two hundred dollars that Robin had stole from the Bishop in the first place. The Knight took the money, but had to promise to pay it back in one year. So unlike the myth, Robin Hood did not give the poor people money, he loaned money. And if the person couldn't pay it back, they couldn't borrow it. But, that is how many of the people joined Robin's gang. They wanted to be free of debt and obtain freedom, so they took the oath of friendship and were in the gang. If an action/adventure book is what a reader is looking for, I would have to say that few books compare with Robin Hood. From the opening page until the end, there is always something going on. On every walk Robin takes, he gets into a fight with somebody. A few words of disrespect towards Robin are spoken, and the sword is out. Usually, after the fight, Robin and his opponent become friends, and a new member of the gang is found. That is how Robin met Little John, and a few other members of the gang. All of the battles are narrated so perfectly, that the reader can

Inventory management methods at Carrefour in UAE

Inventory management methods at Carrefour in UAE Introduction Inventory management refers to the process by which a business organization maintains an organized flow of goods in and out of the business enterprise. In so doing the organization team attempts to prevent the inventory becoming high or on the hand going down to levels that can affect the performance of the organization.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Inventory management methods at Carrefour in UAE specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Watson (p 32) in order to control the inventory management the people involved should zero in on some aspects that will act as a guide to them. The most important aspect regards to time keeping. He says that by keeping the inventory management the managing team is able to establish the amount of time spent in order for a distributor to process what has been ordered and also deliver. In addition he says that the inventory management helps in determining t he period that it has taken for a good delivered in the business to move out having being sold. Therefore bearing this in mind the management team is able to determine with minimal errors when to place an order of a particular commodity and of what quantity. To add on that he argues that inventory management helps in maintaining of accurate records of what has been delivered and what has been sold. As a result any cases of missing goods or varying figures in the receipts books can be cross checked in order to establish the correct figures. For taxation purposes the inventory management has been argued as adequate in providing the information required. Types of inventory management As the business strives to move forward it has to maintain a good inventory management so that it can be known what is required when, and in what quantity. It is as a result of this the management team has an option of choosing from a number of available inventory management. Today there are four major typ es of inventory management. They include the material requirements planning, multi echelon inventory optimization, single echelon inventory optimization, and the just in time inventory management system. Material Requirements Planning (MRP) According to Howard (p 121) under this type of inventory management the main emphasis is placed on the production schedules so that there is optimization of inventory levels. He argues that material requirement planning demands that inventory should be available in large quantities to ensure that they perform accordingly in the task required of them.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To add on that he states that inventory should be availed in time so that the business organization reduces the amount of money incurred. When using the material requirement planning the main component of it is the Bill of Material. According to him the Bill of Material is very useful in a business enterprise since it is the one used when it comes to the calculation of time that is needed to acquire raw materials used during the process of production. Single Echelon Inventory Optimization Watson (p 23) argues that single echelon inventory optimization is mainly used by the business organization that wants to maintain a single channel for distribution between itself and its clients. Due to its simplicity, he argues that this type of inventory management is used in large numbers by the small and medium business enterprises that have limited inventory channels of distribution. Multi-Echelon Inventory Optimization Contrary to the single echelon inventory optimization, this type of inventory management is mainly a reserve of the business enterprises that have many regional centers of distribution and also a number of centers to distribute their products. Just In Time (JIT) According to Howard (p 126) this inventory managemen t system is designed in such a way the company or the business organization is able to have a minimum inventory holding costs. He notes that under this system the business organization should only place an order to the supplier after that particular good has been asked for by a customer. He says that the company in most of the time has in the shelves what they think is the goods asked for by the customers in many incidences. As a result Watson (p 25) argues that the company ensures that their inventory holding costs are low and that way they do not stand a chance of non moving goods within their enterprise. What are the methods used in Carrefour UAE Carrefour is a retail chain from France that for over the last 40 years emerged as one of the leading retail outlets all over the world in terms of revenue collected, profit, and the number of staff employed. During that period Carrefour has managed to establish many outlets in different parts of the world particularly in Europe, South A merica, North Africa, and the Middle East.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Inventory management methods at Carrefour in UAE specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, various scholars have looked at the measure put in place in order to achieve this success that many other retail outlets in different parts of the world have not been able to do. In their discussion one common feature that they all talk about is the use of efficient inventory management in order to control the movement of their stock. According to Muller (p 232) within the Carrefour business the most used inventory management system is the Just In Time (JIT). As earlier discussed this kind of inventory management system is greatly beneficial to the company because in one way it helps the company not to stock non moving goods which can in the long run play a part in making the company realize a loss. Under this system the company receives an o rder of a certain commodity from the client. In response the company places an order from the supplier for that commodity to be delivered. Once brought to the company, the commodity is taken to the client’s house hold. Using the Just In Time method the company is guaranteed that the goods they have in stock especially the heavy house hold items like fridge, and other electronics goods are bound to be bought because they are in stock because the customers asked for them. However, other frequently used house hold goods are usually stocked without using the Just In Time inventory system. In addition to that Institute of Grocery Distribution (p 235) argues that Material Requirements Planning (MRP) is also used in the Carrefour business. They say that when using this inventory management, the company is able to ensure that their orders are processed on time by the suppliers. Although this is not used most of the time, they argues that it is useful to the company because the stock in business enterprise is closely monitored and therefore appropriate measures put in place to mare sure that no stock runs out without new one being ordered.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result of this the clients would always find most of the things that they have come to shop. An example of the goods that may fall under this category of inventory management system is the household goods that are used by many people in their homes such as food stuffs and drinks. Multi Echelon Inventory Optimization on the other hand is used when it comes to the distribution of goods to the company branches. According to Koontz (p 476) Carrefour is a business enterprise with many outlets being found in various cities I the United Arab Emirates. Such cities include Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Sharja. Therefore, to coordinate the activities of these outlets there is need to have a central position from which goods are distributed to the outlets. As a result of this the people working in the distributing centre has to maintain the Multi Echelon Inventory Optimization so that they can easily record and know the amount of stock disbursed to a certain outlet. Using this method the company is able to maintain a tracking system to know if the goods were taken to their intended destination. He therefore argue that chances of doctoring figures on the way are minimized and this goes a long way in making sure that the company profits continue to grow in leaps and bounds. Today Carrefour in United Arab Emirates has invested a lot of money in the information technology as well as communication so that they can track their sales and merchandise inventories in the entire branches in the country. In so doing the company has been able to reduce unproductive inventory by a way of letting the outlets manage their own stocks. Instead of reducing inventory across the board, Carrefour management has used its advanced information technology system to avail many inventories for goods demanded for mostly by the clients. In so doing the company has been able to keep their inventory levels as low as possible. Furthermore, the company has also been using bar coding and radio frequency tech nology in managing her inventories. Under this method the goods are directed to the dock from where they are loaded for shipments. The bar coding that they use helps them to pick and receive good inventory control. In addition this system helps in easier counting of the inventories physically. Advantages of Inventory Management In any business enterprise whether small or big inventory is very important because it helps the business maintain the required inventory levels to avoid incurring unnecessary costs. Inventory management has a number of advantages that include the following. Inventory management helps in understanding the demand and supply. Therefore the company avoids stocking too much of unwanted goods or under stocking. This is because maintaining the inventory management helps in establishing the trends of goods movement. In addition maintaining inventory management helps the company reduce liabilities. Koontz (p 467) says that by looking at the movement of goods out of t he shop, the management of the business can know when to buy certain goods and in what quantities to avoid over stocking that may lead to losses. Therefore by maintaining inventory management chances of stocking unwanted goods are minimized. Other advantage is that it helps the management knows when to make orders of certain goods and also stream line its operations. Disadvantages of Inventory Management According to Muller (p 231) inventory management has been noted to have three disadvantages that include the following. At first is the bureaucracy that gives a lee way to the employees to manipulate the available stock in the business. Secondly we have the production problem he says that although the company is able to know the stock available, it is not able to know the quality of the goods they are selling. Conclusion In today’s world companies like Carrefour have spread in many parts of the globe as a result of proper planning and efficient management. Therefore, this can be a wake up call to those businesses that has for long been struggling to survive. Maintaining an inventory is paramount in order to identify the movement of goods in and out of the company. Howard, Elizabeth. Carrefour: a study of a hypermarket and its effect. Avon: Avon County Planning Department, 1999. Institute of Grocery Distribution. Carrefour: A Strategic Review. Michigan: Institute of Grocery Distribution, 2002. Koontz. Essentials of management 8E. New York: Tata McGraw Hill Education, 1990. Muller, Mike. Essentials of inventory management. New York: AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn, 2003. Watson, Anthony. Best practice in inventory management. Abington: Elsevier, 2002.

Policy Change Proposal Section I Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Policy Change Proposal Section I - Assignment Example If changed, businesses will have to issue form 1099 to all corporations and individuals that give $600 or more in merchandise or services annually to the business. The Health Care Act has expanded, in two meaningful ways the obligation to give form 1099s. In the first instance, businesses are required to issue these forms, not just to individuals, but also to corporations. In the second instance, the threshold of $600 is triggered by merchandise purchases, as well as for services (Estes & Williams, 2013). Starting in 2013, therefore, all funeral parlors will be required to issue forms 1099 to utilities, phone companies, and insurance companies, auto dealers, embalming fluid suppliers, monument companies, cemeteries, vault sellers, and casket sellers. The small problems faced by funeral homes in January is set to become a nightmare with regards to paperwork, especially since the payments need to be tracked, tax ID addresses and numbers collected, as well as issuance of multiple form 1099s. This onerous provision needs to be repealed by congress through advocacy by business groups and other independent workers (Kluwer, 2012). The issue should al so be brought to the attention of the Small Business Administration of the United

Strengthening Desirable Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strengthening Desirable Behavior - Essay Example First of all, it calls positive attention to students for meeting behavior expectations. This shows that the teacher is noticing when students do and do not conform to the expectation, and that a reinforcement will be offered to those who meet it. Also, verbal praise is immediate in nature. Students do not have to wait days to learn what the teacher appreciated about their contribution. Next, verbal praise is highly adaptive and specific. It can be used in a variety of academic and behavioral situations, and tailored to a precise individual student (Marzano, Pickering, Arredondo, Blackburn, Brand, and Moffett, 1992, p. 8). 2. Students who arrive to class on time may receive an activity reinforcer to strengthen their positive behavior. For example, all students in the 5th grade who are complete a whole term with no tardies can get a simple reward, such as a 20-minute mixer in a common area, inside the school or outside, where they can have a cookie, some juice, and some relaxing conversation for a short time as a reward for the diligence in getting to class on time. 3. Encouraging students to turn in assignments on time can be accomplished by using public display of good work. Teachers can group students within a class, or track the progress of one class against others, using a graphic display that shows how successful each class is in getting its assignments in on time. 4.

Personal Barriers to Online Learning Essay Example for Free

Personal Barriers to Online Learning Essay Online learning or e-Learning refers to application of electronic technology for the delivery of instructional content or knowledge domains. Beamish et al. (2002), defines e-Learning as: â€Å". . . a wide set of applications and processes allied to training and learning that includes computer-based learning, online learning, virtual classrooms and digital collaboration. These services can be delivered by a variety of electronic media, including the intranet, internet, interactive TV and satellite. † In spite of the great flexibility and varied range of tools that e-Learning can provide to imparting education, implementing any e-Learning system can be a complicated and complex endeavour and online learning can be a very frustrating experience for the student as well as the teacher. A number of personal barriers affect students and teachers alike in any online learning system. Personal Barriers of Students The technology available with students determines the nature of the course content to a large extent. Students may simply not have the required bandwidth to access high-end multimedia content. The course designer has to tailor the contents to suit the technology availability of the students. This is especially true of e-Learning courses catering to international community scattered all over the world. In such cases severe constraints may have to be imposed on the utilization of technology resources available at the end of the imparting institution. The design would then have to optimized for dial-up users with at the most 800600 pixel monitor screen resolutions. In fact, many universities take special care to ensure prior to registration that their respective e-Learning course content is accessible to the students. â€Å"Technical infrastructure deficiencies on the student side can impede course activities, especially in an online distance-learning environment. † (Arabasz, 2003, pp. 42) The proficiency level of the student in using ICT tools would enhance or undermine his e-Learning experience to a great extent. In the international context it would be unwise to expect uniform familiarity with ICT usage. A student, previously not exposed to ICT, will therefore not only have to handle the course requirements, but will also have to acquire the requisite skills in ICT to pursue the course effectively. From the learner perspective, literacy and IT skills and aptitude for self-direction, being confident and motivated to participate in online learning have also been identified as potential barriers to effective online learning (Australian Institute for Social Research, 2006, pp. 15). The factor that students have to study in isolation in an e-Learning system has triggered off many debates. Many perceive this isolation as a crippling obstacle to the development of e-Learning systems for higher education. Brouner and Flowers (1997) even suggested that the lack of human interactions in the incorporation of technology into higher education would have to be effectively made up by increased human contact. The e-Learning environment lacks the discipline and time regulations imposed on students in conventional education. This requires students to be more motivated, better time managers and more attentive during e-Learning sessions. The lack of the proximity and personal touch of the instructor as in a traditional classroom can create a communication chasm that both the instructor and the student may find difficult to surmount. In a situation where eye contact and proximity are limited, students cannot be disciplined nor affirmed by eye contact and body language (McKnight, 2000). Time is another constraint that affects online learning negatively. Whilst education has now extended geographically it has limited students with time restrictions (Jones et. al. , 2004, pp. 14). Trials and Tribulations for the Faculty Time is perhaps the biggest investment that the instructor has to make. The amount of time required to develop and maintain an e-Learning course is usually not anticipated by the people involved. The instructor has to spend a lot of time on restructuring and reengineering the course for e-Learning delivery. A complete over hauling is required. Instructors also need to give time for technical and pedagogical training as instructions in e-Learning differ radically from conventional approaches. Last but not the least, the instructor has to spend considerable time corresponding or communicating with students. A very important aspect of e-Learning is the views or approach of the instructor. The instructor could be trying to make the e-Learning experience as good and fruitful as the conventional classroom’s. It is a case of trying to replicate the conventional classroom in e-Learning. The second approach could be the instructor’s effort to improve the instructions through the medium of e-Learning. The instructor will have to decide on which approach to adopt, a decision that could profoundly influence the very character and quality of the e-Learning content. Technical issues can hamper an instructor’s efficiency or performance. The instructor is often not familiar with the technologies that are utilized. Development in multimedia would require knowledge of Flash, Shockwave and similar tools. It is difficult to find persons skilled in both the application technology and the field of education. The problem of technology extends to the teacher who may not be proficient in the software. The dependency on technology also tends to undermine the faculty’s confidence at times. â€Å"Are things going to work when I’m in the classroom? Will the Internet be up? Do I need to bring back-up materials on a disk? Will the last instructor have left things in good shape? These [issues] may be more basic than you’d expect, but dependability is still a major issue. † (Arabasz, 2003, pp. 41) Online Learning therefore requires very careful planning and implementation in order to achieve success.

Images and Metaphors in Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot Essay exampl

Images and Metaphors in Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot  Ã‚  Ã‚   Interpersonal relationships in Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot are extremely important, because the interaction of the dynamic characters, as they try to satiate one another's boredom, is the basis for the play. Vladimir's and Estragon's interactions with Godot, which should also be seen as an interpersonal relationship among dynamic characters, forms the basis for the tale's major themes. Interpersonal relationships, including those involving Godot, are generally couched in rope images, specifically as nooses and leashes. These metaphors at times are visible and invisible, involve people as well as inanimate objects, and connect the dead with the living. Only an appreciation of these complicated rope images will provide a truly complete reading of Beckett's Godot and his God, because they punctuate Beckett's voice in this play better than do any of the individual characters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The only rope that appears literally is the leash around Lucky's neck that Pozzo holds. This pair of characters appears separated by a rope that is half the width of the stage. In terms of the rope, the relationship between these characters is one of consistent domination. The stage directions say that "Pozzo drives Lucky by means of a rope passed round his neck." [p15] Lucky is whipped often. He is essentially the horse pulling Pozzo's carriage in a relationship that seems cruel, domineering, and undesirable, and yet Lucky is strangely sycophantic. In explaining Lucky's behavior, Pozzo says, Why he doesn't make himself comfortable? Let's try and get this clear. Has he not the right to? Certainly he has. It follows that he doesn't want to...He imagines that when I see ... ...eckett hopes, must be the strongest rope of all in Waiting for Godot - the noose surrounding Godot's neck that is held aloft, and out of sight, by hope. Work Cited Beckett, Samuel. Waiting for Godot. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1954. Works Consulted Andres, Gunther. Being without Time: On Beckett's Play Waiting for Godot. Ed. Martin Esslin. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1965. 140-152. Astro, Alan. Understanding Samuel Beckett. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1990. Bair, Deirdre. Samuel Beckett. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1978. Mercier, Vivian. Beckett / Beckett. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977. States, Bernard. The Shape of Paradox: An Essay on Waiting for Godot. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978. Webb, Eugene. The Plays of Samuel Beckett. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1972.

Effect of endorsement advertisement on rural vs. urban youth buying behavior Essay

In today’s highly competitive markets, big brands are at logger-heads when it comes to products being offered, each having a similar product to that of a rival. Where does one brand gain that quintessential advantage – advertising, service, promise of trust, or even the all important price factors? Advertising seems to be the best platform where brands prefer to compete on – right from hiring the best advertising agencies to getting the biggest celebrities. Celebrity endorsement is a special type of advertisement which includes a famous person from film fraternity, athletes, and sports, modeling world etc. It helps in promoting the Brand and also increasing the sales of the product. Celebrity endorsement has not developed in recent years, it is being used since the days of Lux and Dabur Amla Hair Oil. This type of marketing strategy is used to promote the Brand and has proved in itself a boon in advertising world. However, it is very expensive to endorse a celebrity for a product but in the long run it has helped in enhancing the Brand Image. Celebrities are also interested in endorsing themselves as they get highly compensated and their visibility also increase. Infact several celebrities from bollywood use these advertisements for Promoting their new releases and also vice-versa. India is a country where people are star-struck by film stars, cricketers, politicians, and even criminals. Why? Population of 1 billion and ticking, everyday people need something or someone to look up to. A sense of security, admiration, comfort, familiarity, and above all, someone they aspire to be at some hidden level in their lives. And clever marketers leverage this very  celebrity appeal and are successfully carrying out their jobs by giving the bottom lines of all the brands what they want – profit, market share and even recall. But how much star power is too much? â€Å"Does Amitabh really use Boro Plus† And â€Å"Does Salman Khan really uses Wheel† asked a 6 year old to her mother. Her mother laughs and says, â€Å"No way, just a gimmick.† What does that do to the brand? Many companies have had considerable success using celebrities as spokesperson, both endorser image serve as mediators in the equity-creation process of celebrity product endorsement (Seno and Lukas, 2007). Product attitude was predicted by inferences about the endorser’s liking for the product and by attitudes towards the endorser (Silvera and Austad, 2004). When however respondents are exposed to negative information about a celebrity endorser, a negative transference of affect in the endorsement relationship may also occur. When the situation is reversed and the respondents are exposed to negative information about the brand, the transference of affect is mitigated (White et al., 2009). Businesses have long sought to distract the attention of the potentials customers that live in a world of ever increasing commercial bombardment. Everyday consumers are exposed to thousands of voices and images in magazines, newspaper, and on billboards, websites, radio and television. Every brand attempts to steal a fraction of an unsuspecting person’s time to inform him or her of the amazing and different attributes of the product at hand. Because of the constant media saturation that most people experience daily, they eventually become numb to the standard marketing techniques. The challenge of the marketer is to hook the subject’s attention. 3 This is true for the classic forms of celebrity, like Film Stars (eg. Amitabh Bachchan, Shahrukh Khan, Rani Mukherjee, Aamir Khan and Pierce Brosnan). Models (e.g., Malaika Arora, Lisa Ray , Naomi Campbell, Gisele Buendchen etc)., Sports Figures (e.g., Sachin Tendulkar, Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Virander Sehwag, Rahul Dravid, Zaheer Khan , Steve Waugh, etc). Entertainers (e.g. Cyrus Broacha, Oprah winfrey, Conan O’Brien), and Pop-Stars (e.g., Madonna, David Bowie) – but also for less obvious groups like Businessmen (e.g., Donald Trump, Bill Gates) or politicians. Celebrities appear in public in different ways. First, they appear in public when fulfilling their profession, e.g., Viswanathan Anand, who plays chess in front of the audience. Further, celebrities appear in public by attending special celebrity events, e.g., award ceremonies, inauguration or world premier of movies. In addition, they present themselves in news, fashion, magazines, and tabloids’, which provide second information on events and the ‘private life ‘of celebrities through mass-media channel (e.g., Smriti Irani being regular feature in various publications). Last but not the least, celebrities act as spokes-person in advertising to promote products and services, which is referred to celebrity endorsement. For Instance: ï‚ · Vodafone signed Irfan Khan for advertisement of Sim cards. ï‚ · Tennis sensation Sania Mirza was appointed to increase the sales of ‘Bournvita energy drinks’. ï‚ · ‘ITC’ roped in Deepika Padukone for promotion of its soap named ‘Fiama di Wills’. ï‚ · Famous Brand ‘Veet’ roped in Katrina Kaif as its Brand ambassador. ï‚ · Shahrukh Khan has been chosen by Big Brands for their Advertisement which includes ‘Dish TV’ and ‘Airtel’. ï‚ · M.S Dhoni and Baichung Bhutia for ‘Project Tiger of Aircel’. Companies spend huge amount of money on Celebrities to sell anything from a candy, hair oil, soaps, colas, pens, paints, automobiles etc. Most companies know that celebrities have an appeal and a Brand can be best helped to reach out to the masses. 4 2.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE The use of testimonials by advertisers dates back to the 19th century when medicines were patented. Firms have been juxtaposing their brands and themselves with celebrity endorsers (e.g., athletes, actors) in the hope that celebrities may boost effectiveness of their marketing. The late ’80s saw the beginning of celebrity endorsements in advertising in India. Hindi film and TV stars as well as sportspersons began encroaching on a territory  that was, until then, the exclusive domain of models. There was a spurt of advertising, featuring stars like Tabassum (Prestige pressure cookers), Jalal Agha (Pan Parag), Kapil Dev (Palmolive Shaving Cream) and Sunil Gavaskar (Dinesh Suitings). Of course, probably the first ad to cash in on star power in a strategic, long-term, mission statement kind of way was for Lux soap always endorsing the latest hit actress. A brand which has, perhaps as a result of this, been among the top three in the country for much of its lifetime. Today, the use of celebrity advertising has become a trend and a winning formula of corporate image building and product marketing. It provides empirical evidence demonstrating that attitudes can be affected in such a way. The impact of Tiger Woods tournament performance on the endorsing firm’s value subsequent to the contract signing was examined. No relationship was found between Tiger’s tournament placement and the excess returns of Fortune brands. No significant relationship was found for American Express, suggesting the market does not view a golfer endorsing financial services as credible. However, a positive relationship and significant impact of tiger’s performance on Nike’s excess returns was found suggesting that the market values the additional publicity that Nike receives when Tiger is in contention to win (Farrell et al., 2000). Some marketers choose to utilize multiple celebrities to promote their Brands. Fit between the endorsed product and various celebrities is a key factor for using multiple celebrity endorser in advertising (Hsu et al., 2002). The use of celebrity endorser in advertising is wide spread – as much as 20 percent of all advertising use some type of celebrity endorser. Marketers invest significance dollars in securing the promotional support of well-known individuals (Till, 1998). Products which are ultimately sold by retailers are endorsed more frequently by celebrities in certain sports than others (Lear et al., 2009). The importance of fit between the endorser and the endorsed product has been described as the â€Å"Match-up Hypothesis†, research has focused on physical attraction (Till and Busler 1998). Celebrities can be used to gain attention and maintain sales, while spokesperson’s effectiveness is in establishing a lifelong link with the product (Tom et al., 1992). 5 The perusal of above mentioned studies makes it very clear that endorsements advertisement does have strong impacts on consumers. The present paper has taken a leaf from these studies and has proceeded for an empirical investigation, into a Region-Wise Impact of Celebrity Endorsement which is presented subsequently. 3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research problems tend to be different from one another and so it requires own special emphasis and different approach. Since the entire research problem is unique in some ways, the research process has to be typically customized. All the steps adopted in the research have been elaborated in the following sections. 3.1 Statement of the problem The present paper aims at finding the extent to which endorsement advertising has been successful to influence the buyer behaviour across Urban and Rural groups. The research problem investigated herein has been precisely defined asâ€Å"Effectiveness of Endorsement Advertisement on Rural vs. Urban Youth buying behaviour†. 3.2 Objectives 1. To study the likeability of the endorsement advertising. 2. To study as to what extent endorsement advertising impact the consumer behaviour towards endorsed Brands. 3. To comparatively study the Impact of endorsement advertisement on Rural vs. Urban Buyer Behaviour. 3.3 Hypothesis In order to ensure effective analysis and understanding of data collected for the purpose of this study, the following hypothesis have been framed: 1 H0: There is no specific impact of celebrity endorsements in Advertising on Youth. 2 H1: There is no significant difference between Urban and Rural Youth with respect to effectiveness of endorsement in advertising. 3.4 Research Design The present research is descriptive in nature as it aims at comparatively studying whether endorsement advertising has an impact on Youth buyer behaviour. It also aims to find out as to what type of consumers in terms of locality is more 6 influenced by endorsements. Information has been collected from the respondent with the help of a structured questionnaire. The universe of the study is the state of Haryana covering both cities and small villages. Since it was not feasible to study the entire region, the researcher drew a sample. 3.5 Sampling Design and Sampling Technique Nine hundred eighty questionnaires were administered. Fifty questionnaires were found to be incomplete and hence were excluded in the final data. Therefore, data from nine hundred thirty respondents have been collected and analyzed. Due care has been taken to ensure that enough number of Urban and Rural respondents be included in the sample. 3.6 Data Collection Method In the present study, Structured Questionnaire method has been used to collect the data. In some case, particularly in case of semi-literate/illiterate respondents, personal interview technique was used to draw out information as per the questionnaire. 3.7 Scaling of Items A five point Likert’s scale from â€Å"Strongly Agree† to â€Å"Strongly Disagree† was used to measure the response to each statement (Items). 3.8 Tools of Data Analysis The data collected have been duly tabulated and classified. Thereafter it has been analyzed with the help of simple percentage technique to describe the present status of respondents. Chi-square test has been used by the researcher to study the association between various variables as well as to study the association between quantitative and qualitative variables. 7 Table 1.1 PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS Sr.No Percent N Percent 243 41.39 126 36.73 369 39.67 20-24 184 31.34 116 33.81 300 32.25 24-28 2) N 16-20 1) Profile of Respondents Age (in yrs) Urban (587) 160 27.25 101 29.44 261 28.06 Location Rural (343) Urban Total (930) Percent Rural N % N % 587 63.11 343 36.89 Percent 3) Occupation N Percent N 197 141 144 105 33.56 24.02 24.53 17.88 99 78 88 78 4) Students Self-Employed Business Housewife Gender N % 56.98 N Percent 28.86 296 22.74 219 21.28 229 16.90 183 Female Male 530 N N 400 % 43.02 INTERPRETATION: 1) The Profile of respondents as depicted in Table 1.1 shows that majority of them i.e. 243 respondents almost 42% fall in the category of age bracket of 16 to 20 years. 2) As the study was done to take the opinion of both Urban and Rural audience the data collected revealed 587 (63.11 %) respondents from urban areas as compared to 343 (36.89%) respondents from rural areas and suburb have been studied. 3) Majority of the respondents who were a part of this survey constituted of students (31.82%), followed by Businessman (24.62%) and Self-employed (23.54%). 4) Due importance was given to take response from both male and female respondents and hence 400 (43.02%) females participated in this survey as against 530 (65.98%) males. 8 31.82 23.54 24.62 19.67 ANALYSIS [S =Sample Standard Deviation] XU = 29.91 XR = 28.34 nU = 587 SU = 8.49 SR = 7.82 nR = 343 HÐ ¾:  µ1 =  µ2 (i.e. there is no significant difference between Urban & Rural with respect to effectiveness of endorsement in advertising) H1:  µ1 =  µ2 (Two tail test) USING Z – TEST At 5% level of significance, the critical value of Z = 1.96 for two tail test. Since calculated value is greater than critical value (Table-value) of Z, we reject HÐ ¾ in favour of H1 and conclude that there is a significant difference between Urban & Rural with respect to effectiveness of endorsement in advertising. 9 Table 1.2 Distribution of Respondents as Regards Attitude Indicators Sr. Indicators Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly No. Disagree Urban 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) Celebrity Advertisement is more noticeable. Celebrity Advertisement have high recall rate. Celebrity Advertisement positively motivates audience for product purchase. Audience enjoys watching Celebrity Advertisement. Audience have positive attitude towards product having Celebrity Advertisement. Celebrity Advertisement are remembered for a long time. Use of Celebrity Advertisement enhances the credibility of Brands. Celebrity Advertisement is used when brand performance is poor. 10 Urban Rural N % 1) Rural Urban Rural N N % N % % N % N % 214 23.0 170 18.2 97 10.4 48 N Rural % N % Rural N % N % 5.1 88 46 4.9 101 10.8 31 4.3 143 15.3 100 10.7 117 12.5 62 6.67 103 11.0 49 5.2 123 10.2 67 7.2 101 10.8 65 6.9 147 15.8 103 11.0 123 13.2 102 10.9 114 12.2 34 3.6 100 9.7 8.8 54 6.3 5.91 110 11.8 70 7.5 112 12.0 70 7.5 140 15.05 103 11.0 114 12.2 102 10.9 118 12.6 34 3.6 108 11.6 50 5.3 107 11.5 54 5.8 165 17.74 111 11.9 139 14.9 101 10.8 100 10.7 50 5.37 95 10.2 40 4.30 88 9.4 41 4.4 147 15.8 7.4 120 12.9 70 7.52 120 12.9 84 9.03 100 10.7 60 6.4 100 10.7 60 6.4 120 12.90 100 10.7 140 15.0 76 8.17 128 13.7 51 5.48 104 11.1 61 6.5 105 11.2 55 5.9 69 4.3 85 9.13 55 9.4 Urban 9.3 48 180 19.35 108 11.6 100 10.7 40 5.1 87 Urban 50 6.4 103 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) Celebrity Advertisement ignores product quality/feature. Customers only remember celebrities & not brands in Advertising. Use of Celebrity in advertisement increase the cost of brand sold in market. Poorly performing celebrity affects the brand perception negatively. Social ideas may be promoted well by celebrities. 11 154 16.5 91 9.7 100 10.7 65 6.9 118 12.6 77 8.2 110 11.8 55 5.9 105 11.2 55 5.9 150 16.2 135 14.5 126 13.5 94 10.1 120 12.9 50 5.37 95 10.2 25 2.6 96 10.3 39 4.1 200 21.5 115 12.3 145 15.5 80 8.06 90 9.6 40 4.3 77 8.2 43 4.62 75 8.06 65 6.9 194 20.8 103 11.0 131 14.0 76 8.17 102 10.9 69 7.41 95 10.2 35 3.7 65 6.9 60 6.4 146 15.6 109 11.7 132 14.1 104 11.1 133 14.3 57 6.13 91 9.7 33 3.5 85 9.13 40 4.3 ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION: 1) According to the analysis Shown in the table 1.2 it was found that majority 529 (56.88%) of the respondents including 311 (33.44%) from Urban segment and 218 (23.44%) from Rural segment were in the favor of this statement and hence it was proved that celebrity advertisement is more noticeable. 2) Analysis of Second indicator shows that majority of the respondents 422 (45.37%) including 260 (27.95%) from Urban segment and 162 (17.41%) from Rural segment believe that celebrity advertisement do have high recall rate. 3) As can be analyzed in table 1.2 it is seen that 475 (51.07%) respondents including 270 (29.03%) from Urban segment and 205 (22.04%) from Rural segment strongly feel that if the product is being endorsed by any celebrity it motivates the audience for purchasing that product. 4) Analysis shows that 428 (46.02%) respondents including 280 (30.10%) from Urban segment and 148 (15.91%) from Rural segment enjoys watching celebrity advertisement as it is evident from the above interpretation. 5) However, it was also seen that a total of 459 (49.35%) respondents which included 254 (27.31%) from Urban Segment and 205 (22.04%) from Rural segment do have positive attitude towards product having celebrity advertisement and they enjoyed watching such advertisements. 6) Study revealed this fact that majority 516 (55.48%) of respondents including 304 (32.68%) From Urban Segment and 212 (22.79%) from Rural segment felt that celebrity advertisements are remembered for a long time as they have a strong appeal in the minds of consumers and consumers correlate the products by their favourite celebrity. 7) According to the study conducted it was found 406 (43.65%) respondents including 267 (28.70%) from Urban segment and 139(14.94%) from Rural segment believe that generally celebrity advertisements enhance the credibility of the brands. 12 8) Analysis revealed that 436 (46.88%) respondents including 260 (27.95%) from Urban segment and 176 (18.92%) from Rural segment felt that companies generally used celebrity advertisements when their brands performance is poor and it is difficult for them to sustain their brand in the market. 9) It was evident from the study that 410 (44.08%) respondents including 254 (27.31%) from Urban segment and 156 (16.77%) from Rural Segment felt that that Celebrity Advertisement ignores product quality or any kind of features in it. 10) Accordingly it was found that 505 (54.30%) customers including 276 (29.67%) from Urban segment and 229 (24.62%) from Rural segment only remember the celebrity in that advertisement and somehow tends to forget the brand this shows the power of Celebrities which generally overshadows the Brand. 11) According to the study conducted it was found that majority of the respondents 540 (58.06%) including 345 (37.09%) from Urban segment and 195 (20.96%) from Rural segment felt that if a celebrity is used to advertise a product it however means that it will increase the cost of brand in the market. 12) However with reference to the study conducted majority of the respondents 504 (54.19%) including 325 (34.94%) from Urban segment and 179 (19.24%) from Rural segment felt that a poor performing celebrity does affect the brand perception negatively even if it is their favorite actor, actress or cricketer. 13) According to the study conducted majority of the respondents 491(52.73%) including 278 (29.89%) from Urban segment and 213 (22.90%) from Rural segment felt that the celebrities are perfect alibi when it comes to promoting social ideas. N.B- All the figures mentioned in the above Analysis & Interpretation is the accumulation of Strongly Agree and Agree Variables. 13 Table 1.3 TABLE OF INTERPRETATION Level of Significance – .05 ATTITUDE INDICATORS 1) Celebrity Advertisement is more noticeable. 2) Celebrity Advertisement have high recall rate. 3) Celebrity Advertisement positively motivates audience for product purchase. 4) Audience enjoys watching Celebrity Advertisement. 5) Audience have positive attitude towards product having Celebrity Advertisement. 6) Celebrity Advertisements are remembered for a long time. 7) Use of Celebrity Advertisement enhances the credibility of Brands. 8) Celebrity Advertisement is used when brand performance is poor. 9) Celebrity Advertisement ignores product quality/feature. 10) Customers only remember celebrities & not brands in Advertising. 11) Use of Celebrity in advertisement increase the cost of brand sold in market. 12) Poorly performing celebrity affects the brand perception negatively. 13) Social ideas may be promoted well by celebrities. 14 CHI-SQUARE VALUE 20.54 Hypothesis Accepted 4.28303 Accepted 22.4396 Accepted 5.05116 Accepted 29.466 Accepted 9.402 Accepted 3.9368 Accepted 64.66 Accepted 2.349 Accepted 37.745 Accepted 8 Accepted 13.67623 Accepted 19.764 Accepted DECLARATION This is to certify that the paper is the original work of the authors and has not been submitted elsewhere. For any violation of the copyrights, the author shall bear the sole responsibility. Signature (1st author) 15 (2nd author) BIBLIOGRAPHY Journals and other Articles 1) Brian D.Till (1998) â€Å"Using celebrity endorsers effectively: lessons from associative learning† Journal of Product and Brand Management, Vol: 7, No. 5, Pp: 400-409. 2) Brian D.Till, Michael Busler (1998) â€Å"Matching products for endorsers: attractiveness versus expertise† Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol: 15, No. 6, Pp: 576-586. 3) Chung-kue Hsu, Daniella Mcdonald (2002) â€Å"An examination on multiple celebrity endorser in advertising† Journal of Product and Brand Management, Vol: 11, No. 1, Pp: 19-29. 4) Darin W.White, Lucretia Goddard, Nick Wilbur (2009) â€Å"the effect of negative information transference in the celebrity endorsement relationship† International journal of retail & distribution Management, Vol: 37, No. 4, Pp: 322-335. 5) David h.Silvera, Benedikte Austad (2004) â€Å"Factors predicting the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement advertisements† European Journal of Marketing, Vol: 38, No. 11/12, Pp: 1509-1526. 6) Diana Seno, Bryan A.Lukas (2007) â€Å"The equity effect of product endorsement by celebrities: A conceptual framework from a co-branding perspective† European Journal of Marketing, Vol: 41, No. 1/2, Pp: 121-134. 7) Kathleen A.Farrell, Gordon V.Karels, Kenneth W. Montfort (2000) â€Å"Celebrity performance and endorsement value: the case of tiger woods† Managerial Finance, Vol: 26, No. 7, Pp: 1-15. 16 8) Karen E.Lear,Rodney C.Runyan,William H.Whitaker (2009) â€Å"Sports celebrity endorsements in retail products advertising† International journal of retail & distribution management, Vol: 37, No. 4, Pp: 308-321. 9) Gail Tom, Rebecca Clark, Laura Elmer, Edward Grech, Joseph Masetti, Jr., Harmona Sandhar (1992) â€Å"The use of created versus celebrity spokespersons in advertisements† Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol: 9, No. 4, Pp: 45-51. Media 1) Set Max viewed From 12th March 2010-17th March 2010. 2) Star Gold viewed From 9th March 2010- 14th March 2010. 3) Zee Cinema viewed From 2nd March 2010- 6th March 2010. 4) Channel V viewed From 18th Feb 2010- 24th Feb 2010. 5) NDTV News Viewed From 13th March 2010- 17th March 2010.

Role of Communication in Change Management - 1704 Words

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